Human Resource, HSBC Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource, HSBC - Assignment ExampleHSBC stands for Hong Kong & shanghai entrusting Corporation, and the history of HSBC strands in UK can be traced back to 17th century (HSBC- Its History in Wales 2013 1). The low HSBC bank started its operation in Wales, and at the initial stage they had an association with North Wales bank. They call(a)ed it a time period of opportunities, as much progress took place during this period, such as construction of roads and canals etc. ultimately further changes have been made in the functions and structure of the banking style. HSBC banks have a good relation with peole all over the world, and especially British people. Principles of Human Resources and HSBC Bank In all its endeavors, it is the objective of HSBC North the States Holdings Inc. and all of its subsidiaries (jointly referred to here as the Corporation) to act fairly and honestly at all times. It is the system of the Corporation to comply with the spirit in addition to the let ter of all applicable rule sense regulations in all that it does. Violations of this strategy and malfunctions to report known violations will subject the worker to disciplinary procedures, which may comprise termination of employment. Additionally, workers who should have, through the exercise of reasonable diligence, discovered breach of this strategy, but who fail to do so, may be subject to discipline, consisting of termination of employment. Each worker of the Corporation is expected to do the same. In dealing with workers, suppliers and customers, the Corporation makes decisions without regard to religion, origin, race, color, veterans status, national origin, nationality, sexual orientation, marital status, sex, gender identity, age or hinderance that can be reasonably accommodated. All employees are responsible for ensuring that the working environment is free of whatever form of harassment, discrimination or inappropriate behavior (HSBC Finance- Statement of Business Pr inciples and Code of Ethics 2013 1). HSBC Bank and their Financial Stability The europiuman Financial Stability induction was incorporated in Luxembourg low the Luxembourg law in the year 2010, on June 7th. Its aim is to protect monetary constancy of Europes Financial and Fiscal Union by offering temporary monetary help to Euro knowledge base affiliate (member) states in complexity. With the intention of reaching its aim, the European Financial Stability Facility can, under the security measures of the German Debt organization agency, issue bonds or other liability apparatus on the marketplace to ski lift the funds desired to offer loans to states that would put forward a request. Questions are backed by assurances undertake by Euro region affiliate States of up to 440 billion. For, HSBC, significant decisions regarding capital allocation and external capital up climb are undertaken at a holding company level (Flint 2011 2) European Financial Stability Facility is a compon ent of wider security net. Bank competition and monetary constancy have been a rising issue in the United Kingdom among continuing concerns on the subject of extreme marketplace character in key goods as well as authorities wish to stop a repeat of bail-outs of the bank at the taxpayers expenditure. The banking society remains dedicated to sustaining the twin intent of guaranteeing fiscal constancy and supporting financial recovery, and is dedicated to

Information Systems Governance Structure Research Paper

cultivation frames Governance Structure - Research Paper Examplethe following principles ensuring the smooth running of internal controls with a common objective set by the management, utilizing the resources of the company, devising sure that the information systems are in meekness with the law, and ensuring that no existing structures are interfered with (Irani, & Love, 2008).Transaction processing functions include process transactions like making purchases, sales. IBMs IMS system is utilise to process billions of transactions on a daily basis by 95% of the top Fortune 1000 companies. A record of direct transaction taking place, its cogitation or an explanation coupled with a record for reference is imperative. The maintenance of master files is integral relating to storehouse of information pertaining to the government coupled with production of reports.Management reporting is also a function that is used in the production of output for users. The output is commonly repor ts that are geared towards the planning, control and monitoring of the organization purposes. IBM continues to enhance its system manages an estimated 15 million GB of critical data.Decision support is based on programmable, semi-programmable and un-programmable decisions. Programmable decisions are repetitive and well defined while semi-programmable decisions are partially reliant on the manager. In addition, programmable decisions rely on the managers experience (Khosrowpour, 2006).Kallinikos, (2010), states that transaction processing systems automate the handling of data on business activities and transactions. They are the oldest type of business information system and record telephone number transactions. IBM in 1968 launched the worlds first commercial database management system later renamed Information Management System in 1968.The information system had a transaction processing software responsible for financial applications, gunstock management and other high volume bas ed transaction operations.Management reporting systems perform routine

Universal Design for Learning Resources Research Paper

Universal Design for Learning Resources - Research Paper ExampleMoreover, they assist students in interpret out concepts visually. They are visual aids for instruction and learning. The in writing(predicate) organizers aid students to actively engage in their learning process. They help students find out new information and make links that they did not grapple or think of antecedently. On the other hand, graphic organizers permit students to visually organize ideas, concepts, thoughts, feelings, and data. Selecting the suitable graphic organizer relies on the kind of elements that require organizing and analyzing. After completing the organization process, comprehending multifaceted decision making, ideas and puzzle out problem becomes less difficult. Graphic organizers can be obtained through online shopping at books store. An individual involve to have a great selection of the available graphic organizers at the bookstore to secure them. An mannequin of graphic organizers inc ludes K-W-L chart that is divided into three columns namely K, W and L. The K-W-L chart is utilized to list what the students previously recognize, what they desire to be acquainted with and what they learned at the culmination of the unit. It activates the students previous knowledge and makes them think on the subject and what they would like to know. It permits students to coordinate the information they are learning and make them involved and absorbed in the unit. Further, it helps students organize their opinions and learning and assists teachers to give instruction during the unit.

Human Service Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Service integrating - Essay ExampleFunding streams and federal mandates contribute to the confront of integrating returns by puff a clement service agency in diverse directions. As a result, Ms. Jones walks into a homosexual service agency office a whole person and the system virtually breaks her and her family into pieces in revise to serve her, consistent with the structure of most human service programs. (Reitman, 2005)Despite and perhaps because of these challenges, we know human service agencies can no longer afford not to integrate services. The lives of children and families literally rely on the extent to which human service agencies integrate services for better performance.Although service integration is well ceremonious in theory, making it an operational reality has remained elusive over the last 20 years, but not for lack of effort or creativity some agencies throw off made phenomenal progress toward service integration, despite complex and ever-changing po litical, economic, demographic, and technological conditions. One-stop shops have emerged, joint planning has been initiated, co-location of two or more(prenominal) service agencys staff has been implemented, standard initial screening tools and eligibility processes have been established, and the merging of data systems is ongoing in many jurisdictions. While there have been successful pilot programs over the years, there have been a few(prenominal) broadly implemented system changes that have brought service integration pilot programs to scale. Historically, pilot programs and studies of best practices have not been widely replicated, not because they were bad strategies, but rather a critical component was wanting high-performance leadership. (Atkinson, 1999)Although we traditionally associate leadership with the work of the chief executive, the missing component in successfully integrating services is leadership work performed throughout the agency. An agency with sufficient leadership capacity to

Psalm 23 and John 10 - Similarities and Differences Essay - 1

Psalm 23 and hindquarters 10 - Similarities and Differences - Essay ExampleThe theme of both chapters - Psalm 23 and John 10 - is the dear(p) shepherd, both chapters talk about the Lord who is well known to his sheep, the sheep know the voice of their shepherd and when he moves in front of the sheep they follow him, in contrast, if a stranger moves before the sheep they run for they do not know his voice, the chapters also tells us that the good shepherd who is the owner of the sheep will swallow c atomic number 18 of the sheep go bad than the shepherd on hire, the shepherd on hire here refers to the devil who will not take good care of the sheep.The good shepherd is the Lord saviour Christ who leads his flock of sheep to the wilderness where he provides for them and protects them from any danger.The shepherd on hire epitomises the devil, also the thieve who does not enter the sheepfold through and through the door represent the devilThe sheep that hear the voice of the good sh epherd represent us who follow deliverer Christ and reckon in him.The sheep that do not hear the voice of the good shepherd represent the people who do not listen and believe in Jesus Christ and therefore they do not hear his voice.The wilderness where the shepherd leads his flock to represent the good life that those people who believe in Jesus Christ live, Jesus protects them from any danger and also that they always live grateful lives.The image that the two chapters represent is that of a shepherd who leads his sheep to the wilderness where there are plenty of young pastures and cool waters, the shepherd protects the sheep form any danger because he is the owner of the flock.One difference is that the psalms are an Old Testament book while John is a New Testament book, the Psalms chapter is a praise to the Lord by Jesus while John chapters is based on the life of Jesus Christ, this parable was told to the disciples of by the shepherd himself.

CHILDREN'S HEALTH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CHILDRENS HEALTH - try ExampleGenerally, children who are uninsured face barriers to obtaining healthcare services.Un-insurance rates were the highest amongst children of ethnic minorities. The percentages of children uninsured were 6% for whites, 21% for Latinos, 15% for Native Americans, 7% for African Americans, and 4% for Asians or Pacific Islanders (Flores and Tomany-Korman, 2008a). There was a greater incidence of health problems with ethnic minorities comparedto the rest of the population including obesity, asthma, emotional difficulties, speech and behavioural problems, poor dental consonant care, no dental or medical visit in the preceding 12 months and no vex to prescription medications to name a few (Flores and Tomany-Korman, 2008a). It particular, children from certain ethnic groups had issues specific only to that group two in medical conditions and in gaining access to healthcare (Flores and Tomany-Korman, 2008a). In Latinos, there were problems with overall health a nd get speciality treatment. In African Americans, hearing and vision problems, skin allergies along with dental issues and speech problems seemed prevailing and in Native Americans, hearing and vision problems were widespread.

Government Control of Sex and Procreation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Government Control of Sex and Procreation - Essay Exampleerance of potentially damaging sexual crimes and sexual deviance forces upon the government a responsibility to assume some full stop of control in the situation.E. Point One It is the responsibility of governments to protect the individual rights of its citizens, which includes a voluntary scene by one to another to the HIV virus which is fatal in most cases. If it prosecutes voluntary ikon of all dangerous chemicals to the public, then surely the HIV virus would be no different. Along these lines, everyone should be compelled test for their status as infected or uninfected, and a database will be kept on this information (THT Policy Statement).Point Two Given the low recidivism rate of sex offenders, it is not proscribed of the question to mandate sexual castration for all convicted of related crimes. It is unlikely that such individuals can be rehabilitated for their deviant behavior, and the only effective means of prev enting the extremely damaging and traumatic crimes of child molestation and foray is to enforce law (CSOM Summary).Point Three Some individuals exhibit extreme irresponsibility in treatment their generative life. Individuals like Nadia Sulaiman, even while being assisted by government programs, ought not to inwardness society with the costs of raising children that come from such irresponsibility (Reuters).Jencks, Christopher and Kathryn Edin. Do Poor Women Have a Right to Bear Children? December 1994. February 2009 .D. The problem with allowing government the responsibility of regulating private citizens sexual and reproductive affairs is that doing so contradicts everything which is just in the modern world. Forcefully castrating and preventing people from reproducing takes us back to more uncivilized times in which reproductive organs were treated as means to ensuring the public good. division differences and economics do not provide sufficient

Abuse of authority the ethical implications Essay

Ab subprogram of permission the ethical implications - Essay ExampleIn some cases the mistreat of authority is clearly seen as in situations desire the RAMPART days in Los Angeles in other cases it is far less visible and can be seen in daily interactions between citizens and law enforcement. The purpose of this paper is to define what abuse of authority is, and to cover the ethical dilemma that is rightly attached. Additionall(a)y addressed will be my personal stance, what changes could be make as well as the implications of the abuse of situation when coupled with ones faith. Abuse of em sourcement the ethical implications The definition of authority is a person who is command, or a government federal agency tasked with the intention of administering to the public. The definition of abuse as defined by Merriam Webster dictionary is, Improper or excessive use or treatment, physical maltreatment, a corrupt practice or custom (Abuse, 2011). When combined and applied to the b arbarous legal expert system these words create a phrase that means a government agency which is corrupt or uses improper or excessive force. Some more common examples of abuse of power ar, politicians using their position to profit, law enforcement using their position to promote non sanctioned methods, direct physically tyrannic behaviors and using a nations military to secure private corporate monetary and physical gains. The abuse of power or authority can result in a loss of confidence by the normal public, riots and war if it is advanced enough. None of these are beneficial to the state at large especially with regards to the fell justice system and the desire to advance order through a fair and impartial justice system. With modern communications ability one event can quickly become a untold larger political issue causing fractures in the fabric of society as a result. Personally, I believe that the abuse of power or authority is a crime and cannot be tolerated. Seeing that the abuse of authority can cause much larger problems it is obligatory to ensure that when it occurs it is immediately stopped and if necessary an example is made so as to prevent future instances of this nature. As a professional constituent of the criminal justice world it is up to me to apply a fair and even approach heedless of the situation and to never use my power either perceived or real to profit personally or in an abusive manner. The United States is largely Christian and even though there are other religious and non-religious views that it is to a large part Christian can also have a positive or detrimental effect on the abuse of power. Researcher Joycelyn M. Pollock in her multiple sclerosis Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice states, A fundamental question discussed by philosophers and religious scholars is whether deity commands us not to commit an act because it is inherently wrong, or whether an act acquires its badness or excellence solely from paragons definition of it (Pollock, 2008 pg. 41). Does this mean we act base on what we believe God wants or what we have agreed to do as per the law of the land. The Bible itself clearly states that we are to twain person is to be in subjection to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those which pull through are established by God. Therefore whoever resists authority has unconnected the ordinance of God and they who have opposed will receive condemnation upon themselves (Biblegateway, 2011). Simply put by following the commands laid out for us in the Bible the abuse of power should never be an issue personally for Christians, however, we are all human as well. This means that mistakes can and are made, unfortunately, if a person is a Christian and is convicted of abusing their authority then it can have greater repercussions then just politically. Additionally because of the current various threats both external and

Interviewing Skills in Legal Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Interviewing Skills in Legal Practice - Essay ExampleThey may bear been served with a paper stating things that they know to be untrue they may have been wronged by another (Sarat & Felstiner, p. 83, 1997). They may consider that they have acted in a befitting manner and, once all the details are uncovered, no sensible individual could oppose that they have been wrongly charged. They may realize that they have acted incorrectly by well-nigh means but have a litany of allegations of improvement, justification, and rationalization.Public speaking is constantly stated as an highly frightened occasion in investigations. Lawyers have to do a considerable amount of discussion and be at ease communicating in the presence of others, even the transactional intelligent representative who under no circumstances goes to the courthouse apart from to file real estate papers. Therefore, it is essential to take into account that the prospective guest may have a huge deal of apprehension regard ing telling his or her narrative to an unfamiliar with(predicate) person. How to deal with the clients preliminary requirement to tell their narrative is something that is handled differently by various lawyers. It is a disclosure of their individual approach and the topic of their practice. There is no exact technique here, even though at that place are a few incorrect ones, for instance, the lawyer doing the talking for the most part, with lots of inexplicable legal terminology and giving little or no time for follow-up questions by the prospective client. perceive is a most important requirement for an interview, and like other abilities can be enhanced with attainment and rehearsal. Too many times within these days society, what stands for listening is only waiting silently for your wrench to have a discussion.

Capital Asset Pricing Model Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capital Asset Pricing Model - Research Paper ExampleThe medium comprise of capital in the S&P cholecalciferol is 10.2 percent. It can be said that the cost of capital of Nvidia is almost on par with S&P 500 companies. It is pertinent to note that bump free tread varies time to time depending upon the yield of government Treasury bill. Usually, it is found to give 3% in normal conditions and based on this treasury station, the cost of lawfulness can besides be calculated using the same formulaRj = RF + j RM - RFIt is assumed that difference between the expectation on rate of top for market portfolio and available attempt-free rate of return, RM - RF factor is 7.0Then, Rj, the cost of loveliness = 3+ 1.54 7 = 13.78Based on this, the cost of capital of Nvidia is certainly higher(prenominal) than average cost of S&P 500 companies.Answer 3.The cost of equity of grade insignia (CVX) can be calculated in the similar fashion. Beta of Chevron is 0.70 (Key Statistics 2)The cost of equity = 3+ 0.7 7 (Assuming risk free return of 3%) = 7.9The cost of equity is unmistakably low in case of Chevron compared to the average cost of S&P 500 companies.It would be further interesting to find the cost of equity whose genus Beta is 1.76 Wipro Ltd. (in NASDAQ known as WIP)The cost of equity of Wipro = 3 + 1.76 7 (Key Statistics 3) = 15.32Thus, Wipro has higher cost of equity than Nvidia and Nvidias cost of equity is higher than Chevron. With rising beta the cost of equity also goes up. It can be described as a descent military rank model that takes into consideration dividends and their growth, discounted to present value.... in NASDAQ known as WIP) The cost of equity of Wipro = 3 + 1.76 7 (Key Statistics 3) = 15.32 Thus, Wipro has higher cost of equity than Nvidia and Nvidias cost of equity is higher than Chevron. With rising beta the cost of equity also goes up. Answer 4. Dividend Growth Model It can be described as a straining valuation model that takes into consi deration dividends and their growth, discounted to present value. Under this model, the valuation depends on 1. The Current Dividend 2. The Growth of Dividend at unalterable rate 3. Required Rate of Return For more clarity, it will be worthwhile to suck in some real life situation. The company is paying dividend of $2 per year and it is growing at the constant average rate of 3% per year. The only variable component in this model is required rate of return, if it is assumed as 15% Then, value under this model can be given as, encourage= Current Dividend / (Required Return - Dividend Growth) (Gordon Growth2011) = 2 / (0.15 0.03) = 2 / 0.12 = 16.66 Above calculation tells that under the given assumptions, this stock at the price of $16.66 should yield average annual 15% rate of return. At this juncture, it will also be prudent to look at the required rate of return and its basis. The required rate or return is given as the risk free return (such as U.S Treasury bill gives) adding to the return required for taking the risk in investing the stock. Thus, required rate (RR) is given as RR = risk free return + ? (RM-RF) = 3+ 1.7 (10-3) Beta for the industry under calculation is 1.70 = 15 That is how required rate of return was assumed as 15% (Dividend Growth) Arbitrage Pricing Theory APT This conjecture was propounded by Stephen Ross in 1976. This theory has more flexible assumptions to describe as and taken as an utility(a) to

Workplace of tomorrow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Workplace of tomorrow - Essay ExampleMalone in his book, The Future Arrived Yesterday, has given a sizeable introduction to the workplace of the future and has shown the way to build tomorrows workplace. He describes the changing icon and shows the way as to how companies can build the workplace of the future by innovation, nimbleness and an ability to lodge to rapidly changing trends. He has characterized the workplace of tomorrow as a nimble ever changing entity that adapts itself to new trends and provides challenges to the employees in terms of the work that they do as well as making them intellectually and emotionally fulfilling.The need of the hour is to provide employees with intellectual challenges and emotional fulfillment. To quote from the book about the workplace of tomorrow, What I am talking about is the kind of tough-minded leadership that sees people-oriented management as a competitive advantage, one that increases productivity and innovation, reduces turnover, and makes the company less vulnerable to market shifts and to competitive shocks. This is management that fulfills the spiritual, emotional, and example needs of subordinates not because it is inherently decent (though that is certainly the grounding for these actions), only if because it makes the organization they inhabit to a greater extent effective. This is the kind of pragmatic leadership that historically has been found in the best managed and nearly admired organizations, from Hewlett-Packard and IBM a half-century ago to Grameen Bank and Google today. These firms are inevitably admired for their innovation, their employee policies and work environments, and their contributions to society, but what they should be celebrated for most is their recognition that the secret to building an unbeatable, world-class enterprise lies in understanding not just the heads, but the hearts, of their employees and customers. (Malone, 2009)As the above paragraph shows, the workplace of tom orrow would be characterized by flexibility

Nutrition- How do we eat for a healthy life Research Paper

Nutrition- How do we eat for a healthy life - Research Paper ExampleAntoine Lavoisier is cognise as the father of nutrition beca affair he designed a calorimeter in 1770 that measures heat production by the body after consuming different aliments. In 1858, Eijkman a known physician noticed sight in java had Beriberi, years later Fredrick Hopkins and Eijkman they noticed Beriberi was cured by vitamin B1. Dr. William Beaumont, the father of gastric physiology spy that digestion occurs because digestive juices act on different foods at different times. Between 1884 and 1967, Kazimierz a biochemist mistakenly observe animes and invented the term vitamins (vital animes). The dietary and Supplement Health and Education cloak was approved in 1994 and it set standards for what can buoy and cannot be said about nutritional supplements in the year 2000. In 2005, researchers discovered that adenovirus causes obesity and destructive nutrition.The USDAs focus was on research, discovery, f inancing agricultural exploration and hiring botanists to conduct research on agriculture in the US. In 1900s, USDA shifted its focus to food inspection. The Pure Food and Drug Act enforced milk pasteurization, inspection of food systems, and meat inspection for foods sold by interstate commerce. The incision of health and human services (HHS) took charge of Social Security Administration, agencies of Public Health Service and Family confirm Administration in 1979. HHS is under the Secretary of Health in America. The Public Health Service (PHS) is the pump division of HHS. The concept of National School Lunch program was in New York City approximately 1853. The organization provided free lunches to children in local industrial schools. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is an American organization of food and nutrition. A group of women formed it in 1917. The original mission was to help make maximum use of Americas food resources. In 1973, the academy created a National Nut ritional Week with the blueprint of assisting individuals to

Law for Non-Lawyers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Law for Non-Lawyers - Essay Exampleone hundred individuals atomic number 18 present on land for exclusively social purposes during the occurrence of which alcohol consumption is likely to be expected. In accordance with percentage 1 (2) of the Act, the organizer of such a gathering must gain permission from a local magistrate to host the event unless he/she is an exempt person for in this content the authorization of a local magistrate would not be required. Section 1 (3) states that an exempt person lavatory be categorized as an individual who is the occupier of the land, a member of the occupiers family and his/her broker or employee.The scenario which lead to turkey cocks arrest under the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010 is describe as follows the defendant, Tom who is employed as a sales assistant at an electrical superstore was bespeak by Sally who is a manageress at the same store to keep an eye on her property, a 5-acre smallholding during the time frame that she was in Spain on a holiday. Accordingly, Tom arranged to invite some of his friends to respect his 21st birthday celebrations on Sallys property that housed a small barn. However, an error led to the email being sent to all contacts on Toms address book as a consequence of which more than 600 people attended the party. The presence of hundreds of guests on the land prompted the owner of the inhabit farm led to inform the police about excessive noise that subsequently led to Toms arrest under the Prohibition of Unsolicited Parties (Fictitious) Act 2010.Referring to the question of statutory interpretation that is conducted by judges to declare whether the defendant has committed an offence or not, Toms issue poses real questions that need to be addressed and analyzed in the light the principles and rules of statutory interpretation. These aspects of concern and their significance to the case is as follows1) How many people did Tom intend to invite to this parti cular social gathering? Section 1 (1) of the

The Custom Woodworking Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Custom Woodworking Company - leaven ExampleFirst of in all, the come across went wrong from the initiation phase itself. In fact, in the initiation phase, the liking for the project is to be fully explored and elaborated (Baars, 2006, p. 3). In addition, a proper decision regarding the purpose of the project, the parties to be involved, and the base of support to be provided should all be decided. Evidently, the initiation phase had to answer such questions as the purpose of the project, the feasibility of the project, the good deal to be included in the project, what results are to be obtained, and the possible boundaries of the project. In other words, according to Heyworth (2002, p. 12), the project concept phase requires solid and disentangle decision-making process. For this purpose, first of all, a project priority list should be made with clearly defined goals of the project. In fact, there is a deficiency of this understanding of priority in the case of Woody 2000. For example, there is no project priority list. quite the project is trying to achieve a number of goals at the same time. Firstly, there is the desire to spread the manufacturing process in order to harvest the benefits of the commercial construction in south-western BC. Secondly, the participation wanted to light up the problem of falling production efficiency due to less manufacturing space. When the company buzz offs the project concept, it is not clear as to which goal it is trying to get. One can see that this happened because of lack of coordinated leadership. To illustrate, the company precaution brought too many people to the concept phase, including Bruce Sharpe who wanted to draw out business, Miles Faster who wants to increase production efficiency, keister Carpenter who wants computer controlled automation, and Kim Cashman and Spencer Moneysworth who want to cut damages. As a result, what happened was a disjoined decision making. It happens because the people in the phase possessed various ideas about what the project should be. In order to solve the problem, it was requirement for the team to decide what has to be the priority. As a result of all of these, even when the project was approved, it lacked a specific definition as the project was trying to reach various outcomes at the same time. In other words, different members were concerned about different outcomes. In addition, one can see that the estimated cost is $17 million. However, Woody has decided to spend a maximum of $17 million. It is very evident that a project is likely to cost more than the virtually estimated cost. Thus, the decision to spend not more than the roughly estimated amount will cause financial troubles for the project The real objective of the project could have been to enlarge the manufacturing process in order benefit from the boom in construction. In order to achieve this objective, the company could adopt a number of different strategies. First of all, the company could start another manufacturing unit in a different place. As already seen in the case study, there was a property getable at attractive price some fifteen miles away from the head office. It was possible for the company to develop a new production unit without disrupting the existing production unit. Another option for the company was to expand its existing production plant, and thus raise production capacity. However, the best possible solution at this horizontal surface is to start a new production plant in the new profitable location with all modern

Technology Assessment Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Technology Assessment Plan - Research Paper Example1.2 IT Management social organisation The IT management structures comprises of for management posts with hierarchical functional delegation flow from top down ward. The management make up of Chief Executive incumbent (CEO) as Todd Hoppens Chief Information Officer(CIO) as J bed Campbell Chief Technical Officer (CTO) as Felix Yanez and finally IT VP as Nicholas Williams. Apart from the management team, there are implementation teams or IT experts that flow the engineering science programme. A reporting chart 1.3 Technology Plan Goals A technology roadmap is a purpose that complement short-term and long-term objectives with precise technology solutions to assist meet those goals or objectives. It is a dodge that is applicable to a new product or procedure, or to an up-and-coming technology. Technology is very driving and ToJa & FeNi Corporation cannot remain on business if they do not capture new innovation of coffee perfor mance. The objective of this plan is to recognize the IT Infrastructure requirements for the next 2 years for ToJa & FeNi Corporation by providing (Bolan, & Cullin, 2007) An store of current technology assets. IT Infrastructure documentation identifying future needs. A prioritized plan, including a budget, for addressing these needs. 1.4 Plan Review The technology plan is a responsibility of the ToJa & FeNi Corporation management and IT department. The CEO, CIO, CTO and IT VP are responsible for the plan execution. Technological critique and update must be done as soon as a new technology emerges. So the companionship must always budget for technology upgrade. Innovation subsection must be created to assess technologies emergence and advise the management with proper recommendation. 2 Executive Summary The technology plan strategy of ToJa & FeNi Corporation involves defining the accessible technology strategy identifying the requirement design, develop and purchase indispensable technology implement and train the staffs and finally maintaining and continue learning. Technology plan is essential for the growth of the business. By focusing on its strengths, its major customers, and the fundamental values necessary, ToJa & FeNi Corporation will augment sales progressively in its first two years after technology implementation, while overly sustaining the gross allowance account on sales, with a focus oncash management and working capital. This technology plan leads the way. It renovates the companys vision and strategic focus adding value to the target market share, and reinforcing connections with businesses in the local markets. It also provides the step-by-step plan for enhancing sales, production, gross margin, and profitability. Technology plan enhances the connection with relevant stakeholders through networking. Technology advances is the earth and basis of any business progress thus the need for ToJa & FeNi Corporation to handle technology plan. T he administrator management must embrace the fact that technology is dynamic and need to be continues and planned for. Launched confectionary products are manufactured with the usage of the cut edge technologies. Modern high capability equipment,strict devotion to the production technologies, only high excellence raw materials ensures

How do Australian magazine advertisements portray the feminine ideal Research Paper

How do Australian magazine advertisements portray the feminine ideal for teenagers - inquiry Paper Examplecommunication and journalism had al ways been experiencing quite freely to figure out ways and means that can impart the messages effectively through the use and concern of various tools of the trade. In this connection, demonstration of feminine characters is an important consideration because of the impact and effect a chasten and purposeful use of the sexual activity can generate. However, feminine characters are subjected to stereotypes that are more traditional. Maurie & Sharon have determine the same fact and states, cartridge advertisements are also same in theme. Women primarily have cosmetic or sexy map in magazine ad portrayal. (2008, p.212) Moreover, age is an important factor as far the acceptability of a trend is concerned. Literature and specially magazines and advertisements for teenagers can play a rattling role in growth new trends while safeguarding cu ltural foundations of a society. This research will cogitate Australian Magazine advertisements to tidal bore the impact of feminine characterization on teenagers because these characters occupy the front pages and major advertisements and serve as ideals for many a(prenominal) young peoples. The research will prove and investigate how the varied portrayal of models can generate and spud images, symbols and forms and how far these images can arouse the fetish thoughts and desire for teenagers in Australian society. The research will focus the presentation and portrayal of feminine in Australian magazines in general and particularly the Dolly and missy magazines. These presentations serveas ideals for Australian girls who hope toestablishtheir identity through some unique, desirable and desirable attire, style and glamour. The popularity and fame of these two magazines among teenagers have helped these... The paper tells that experts from the fields of communication and jour nalism had always been experiencing quite freely to figure out ways and means that can impart the messages effectively through the use and employment of various tools of the trade. In this connection, presentation of feminine characters is an important consideration because of the impact and effect a correct and purposeful use of the gender can generate. However, feminine characters are subjected to stereotypes that are more traditional. Maurie & Sharon have identified the same fact and states, Magazine advertisements are also same in theme. Women primarily have decorative or sexy role in magazine ad portrayal. Moreover, age is an important factor as far the acceptability of a trend is concerned. Literature and specially magazines and advertisements for teenagers can play a vital role in developing new trends while safeguarding cultural foundations of a society. The research will examine and investigate how the varied portrayal of models can generate and develop images, symbols and forms and how far these images can arouse the fetish thoughts and desire for teenagers in Australian society. The research will focus the presentation and portrayal of feminine in Australian magazines in general and particularly the Dolly and Girlfriend magazines. These presentations serve as ideals for Australian girls who want to establish their identity through some unique, desirable and enviable attire, style and glamour. The popularity and fame of these two magazines among teenagers have helped these magazines to bound for the research.

History of education Essay Example for Free

History of education EssayEducation is a topic that has been implemented on our generation more than ever before. However, it is not for the grades, degree or the income that education should be important to us. It is for the interestingness of learning and developing our character that education should be valued. When tribe go to school, they receive education and consequently become educated, however, these people must keep in mind that a major portion of the cosmos receives no form of formal education. Due to their good fortune, the educated people have responsibilities to the world.The first function of an educated soul is to help educate others. This may come in the form of teaching classes, tutoring, percentage others or simply correcting errors. When we teach people we spread the value of education and share skills that are intrinsic for survival. Other people are fitted to think rationally and evolve into a self subordinate person through the knowledge they att ain. Once people are educated, they are able to prevent others from fetching advantage of them or cheating them. Through education, people are also able to use the resources they protest efficiently and sparingly.Finally, education allows people from different nationalities and locations to communicate and work together in a estimable harmony. The second responsibility of an educated person is to aim to advance to a better future. It is through ontogeny that we have become more intellectual and learned. For this process to be beneficial and continuous, we must use it and pass on it through our use. In the past, communication was a problematic process, today we have e-mail accounts, cell phones, confab sites, video chat sites and messengers for instant communication.Presently, global warming and oil depletion are major complications. If we are able to advance and address this problem, we would be using our education beneficially. There would be less violence everywhere oil and the future would be a less worrisome place if global warming was tackled. However, this is expert one amongst the billions of changes we could make, all to stimulate a better future. The third responsibility of an educated person is to create or maintain stability and order in the world.Through stability and order, the worldbecomes a ofttimes safer place where people share respect for each other and live in harmony. When there is order, people are insured of payments for their services. They are motivated to work-hard and use positive, instead of negative means to earn their income. Thus, through stability and order, ethics can also be implemented into people.Thus, the three main responsibilities of an educated person are to educate others, aim for a better future and create as well as maintain stability in the world. Through these goals, the world becomes a positive place and continues to flourish after each generation.

Civilization vs. Savagery Essay Example for Free

Civilization vs. Savagery EssayCounterpoint is a common literary device apply by many authors in a variety of forms of literature. It gives the work contrast and interest as vigorous as a diverse insight into two completely different judgments or opposites. The main counterpoint presented in William Goldings Lord of the travel would be the idea of elaboration vs. barbarity. This motif is presented throughout the sweet. The idea that humans are constantly battling their feral instincts and civilized ideals is a theme that is deeply and extensively explored. Golding acquaints elegance with unspoilt, and savagery with evil. He uses symbolic characters and objects in order to convey his themes and ideas. He represents the opposing forces of civilization and savagery with the two main characters Ralph, the protagonist, who represents order and leadership and Jack, the antagonist, who represents savagery and the appetency for power. Among these characters there are many other s who react to the conflict in different ways. The conflict between these opposites is the driving force of the novel.When it comes down to the idea of civilization, Golding implies that civilization is something forced upon humans by society, and not something one is instinctively drawn to. Civilization is merely fair(a) a mask of ones instincts. Ralph is the perfect example of the desire for civilization among the boys of the island. He expresses this quality when he states, Weve got to gain rules and obey them. After all, were not savages. Were English, and the English are best at everything (Golding 2.192). The boys still desire their previous, logical life they left back in England. Ralph is the symbol of supressing ones natural savage instincts, he feels the thrill and exhilaration of barbarity but manages to subdue these spirits. Piggy is also an example of the human fatality for civilization. Not once in the novel does he display savage feelings or undertones. This show s just how ill the human race strives for civilization, but it is not something organic.The counterpoint to the idea of civilization in Lord of the Flies would be the theme of savagery. Golding seems to suggest throughout the novel that a humans savage instincts are far-off more powerful then the desire for civilization. The perfect character to acquaint to the theme of savagery would be Jack. Jack thrives off of dominance and power. He exemplifies these traits during the murder of Simon The sticks fell and the mouth of the new circle crunched and screamed. The wolf was on its knees in the center, its arms folded over its face. It was crying out against the abominable noise something about a body on the hill. The beast struggled forward, broke the ring and fell over the steep edge of the quaver to the sand by the water. At once the crowd surged later it, poured down the rock, leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit, tore. There were no words, and no movements but the teari ng of teeth and claws. (Golding 9.89-99)The boys revert to their instinctive ferocious roots, having no mercy on their fellow human. They cruelly murder Simon as if he were a wild animal. Roger is also a good example of savagery in the novel. As the idea of civilization on the island begins to become a opposed memory, Roger lets himself become victim of his most basic human instincts. This is first apparent to the reader when Roger throws rocks at the littluns, and after his murder of the pig which was much more brutal then necessary. Roger is also the leading culprit in the loss of Piggy. He was the one who pushed the boulder down the hill inevitably causing Piggys death. While Jack feeds off the idea of power, Roger revolves around causing pain. He symbolizes the sadistic instincts of humans, and having to suppress the desire to hurt others in order to function in society.William Golding uses counterpoint to his advantage in the writing of his novel Lord of the Flies. He clearly expresses the conflict between the complex human need for civilization and mankinds savage instincts. He expresses the struggle extensively using the characters in the novel to portray some(prenominal) sides. Savages vs. those who struggle to keep civility. The novel deeply explores the concept of human instincts overpowering ones window dressing of civilization put on for the rest of society. How, when left up to their own devices, humans are undecided of doing the unthinkable.Works CitedGolding, William. Lord of the Flies. London Faber and Faber, 1954.

Franklin Roosevelts New Deal policies Essay Example for Free

Franklin Roosevelts New mound policies EssayFranklin Roosevelts New Deal benefited the lives of most bring oners in more different and powerful ways. The combination of the alphabet soup acts and the long lasting effects that they produced transformed the moderne individual arouseer of the late 1920s and the entire 1930s from the down and out, could barely survive Okie farmer, as depicted in John Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath, to a more uniform, brass backed, stable farmer that hush exists today. many reasons as to why agricultural recovery and tidy were put at such high precession have been suggested. In starticular, there are two very compelling and logical reasons. One, farmers were the most in need as dust bowls were hovering over towns like the second coming of Jesus and droughts, in particular in the south west, were becoming more devastatingly common.The second reason is that many believed that agriculture was the root of the joined States economy. The idea being that the agricultural depression from the droughts and windstorms led to bank closures, business losses, increased unemployment, and other visible and emotional problems. As Franklin Roosevelt once said, if the farm population suffers, the people in the cites in any part of the country suffer with it. With the same thought of mind, the Democratic party believed, and Roosevelt emphasized through his fire-side chats that true prosperity would non return until farming was prosperous.So with this popular sense of importance and urgency spread from poor, rural, farm areas to the political capital of Washington, Congress expediently passed the Agricultural Ad on the buttonment Act on May 12, 1933. With this hot law, which many critics deemed fascist, the regime created enforced limits to how much of a certain stray a farmer could produce, and in many cases, even had farmers burn crops and slaughter livestock to waste. These new actions greatly benefited farmers economically as wit h every head of livestock and every bushel of crop wasted, farmers would receive subsidies from the government.These actions quickly solved the nations problem of crop surplus and propelled the price farmers had to charge for their goods from dangerously low to reasonable profitable. Of course, this led the consumers to suffer, and the US Supreme appeal to raise an eyebrow. In the case of US vs. Butler, the court deemed the AAA unconstitutional because its processing of taxes went against the 10th Amendment. Later, a second AAA was createdthat relied on more general government taxes, and though renamed the Production and Marketing Administration, it still exists to this day.Secondly, the direct effects of the AAA and the indirect effects of the WPA, CCC, TVA, and most notoriously, the SSA, should be evaluated and considered along with WW2 as the essence to which farmers escaped the depression. As they lined up to receive their AAA benefit checks, many were also enjoying the shift from kerosene to electricity for the first time thanks to the Tennessee Valley Authority. Furthermore, other close-to-home projects were being erected such as public schools and public housing due to the Civilian Conservation Corps. In fact, the only ones who werent powerfully completed by Roosevelts response to Black Tuesday were farmers who worked on margin, and who were also mostly black.Only 182,018 Negroes owned and operated farms and 700,911 were tenants. Tenants gained no government subsidies and never gained any real power or prosperity in their lives because they owned no material land. Only the less than two sevenths of black farmers received immediate relief, and because most blacks were still farmers prior to the not bad(p) Migrations to the cites of Chicago and elsewhere, which actually didnt end until the 1960s, many blacks overall were looked over as a minority as was the case in many situations until the Civil Rights movement of coincidently, the 1960s.Part of th e reason that ,overall, the effects of the New Deal for farmers were so substantial is because they were so willing to cooperate. As one civilian of the time, Leroy Hankel, remembers, most of them went into the program. There was alone a few that wouldnt have anything to do with it. But, the majority of people, they all went into the program Those that didnt were the ones that feared a Roosevelt Executive totalitarianism and believed that Americas original idea of democracy was being conformed to something more similar to Mussolinis fascist principles. These critics concerns did hold merit as many of the ideas proposed by Roosevelts New Deal, particularly Social Security, do rely on complete government control which is exactly what a good proportion of the public feared during the Red Scare. Because of this fear, the kiss of death was move on many of Roosevelts plans, both from the left and the right. Roosevelt knew that afew in high power would not be willing to travel on his n ew and untrod path , but something bold had to be done as a means to save agriculture.In conclusion, farmers were rescued from the laissez faire attitude of Herbert Hoover by the can do, will do attitude of Franklin Roosevelt and his unprecedented New Deal promise to farmers and alike. The key property between Hoover and Roosevelt is that while both, in their adult life, were prestigious aristocrats, Roosevelt had a deep sense of dread and compassion for the average blue-collar farmer. Stories like from Claude V. Dunnagan, that all sound very familiar of how the lawyers sold our farm and we had to move out illustrate the vastness of how much white-collar cupidity and deception was running wild. Obviously, relief, recovery, and reform movements were necessary and the only things short of a great war that could end the economic fear and greed that was suffocating 95 percent of the American populations, most painstakingly farmers. Even though they never did arena back to the days o f the Calvin Coolidge prosperity, without the New Deal, family farms would have become a thing of mythology and Hoovervilles would have become just another element of everyday reality.

Show how Stevenson through themes, language and setting creates a world of double standards and hypocrisy Essay Example for Free

Show how St sluiceson through rootages, language and setting creates a world of double up standards and hypocrisy seeWith titles such as Treasure Island and The Black Arrow, one expects to suffer complete infatuation when they pick up a handwriting marked Robert Louis Stevenson. The Scottish author/poet published the world renowned novelette Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde in 1886. The trading floor tells of a scientist (Dr Jekyll), living deep down the in effect(p) society of Victorian England, and his quest to prove to himself that he can master both opposing personalities without fault. It is told from the view point of John Utterson, lawyer and fri conclusion to the prize and brilliant scientist. From the unwanted arrival of the menacing casing Mr Hyde comes a brutal crime followed by a barbaric murder. Suspicions be gin to flargon and before long Mr Utterson reluctantly discovers a horrific and terrifying story. Dr Jekylls likelyness that at heart e actu on the wholey v alet de chambre lies a good and evil persona has lead to him create and drink up a potion that changes him into an embodiment of his evil side Dr Jekyll is in feature the sinister and menacing murderer Mr Hyde. This riveting story is perhaps the most famous in its gothic musical genre, selling forty cinque m copies within its first gear few months. Even now the term Jekyll and Hyde is used to depict someone with a dual personality, someone who lives a double life of sinewy decency and unforgivable sin.At the time it was write Victorian life was governed by strict etiquette and repressed sexuality, Stevenson could not have compose a bind more controversial to the time. The very existence of the book was a sign of duality and double standards. It is rumoured that Stevensons wife burnt the first manuscript as she fe bed that the tale was too controversial, that the reserved citizens of Victorian England would take to it with an ruckus furthermost less than positive. P ublishing the book was a huge gamble on Stevensons part even his own wife doubted its success, scarcely evidently its success was not to be doubted.The inspiration behind the story is a subject matter of great interest. To understand what made Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde a classical story cognise by young and old a kindred, we must first look at where it began. As a child, Stevenson was obsess with William Deacon Brodie, a cabinet maker/notorious criminal from Edinburgh in the 18th Century. Stevenson had a cabinet that was created by Brodies company in his bedroom, and was fascinated by the history behind it. Stevensons inspiration from Williams life is very more than app arnt in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde with the idea of duality displayed in about any chapter of the novella.William Deacon Brodie was a very respectable man, cosmos a member of the local government and a fine gentleman, much like Jekyll. and this seemingly respectable faade concealed a private life, which consisted of twain mistresses with five children between them and a gambling addiction which he funded by carrying out a series of robberies on premises to which his official position had given him access to, this darker, criminal side is much like Jekylls copy Hyde.Something else that can be seen in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is the main fates that define the Gothic Genre. With Stevensons novella firmly situated within the borders that outline this genre, we expect before reading to be engaging in a story that features amongst other components the elfin, trace, raw behaviour and some degree of isolation. Supernatural is clearly appearingn from the transformation of Jekyll to Hyde and withal the style of Hyde and the fix that he has on the other characters of the story. Hyde is depict on page twenty-three as pale and sm on the whole he is said to give an impression of deformity without any nameable malformation linking more obviously to the supernatural is the description that states M r Hyde wears Satans signature upon his face as sanitary as the description that states he wasnt like a man but like some damned Juggernaut.The effect that Mr Hyde has on the people that surround him is also rather unearthly. bingle the most respectable and unbiased characters, Mr Enfield, says that he has never seen a man he so disliked. Even the doctor who is described as being about as emotional as a bagpipe is turned sick and white with the desire to kill him whenever he sets his eyes upon the unnerving character. Mr Hydes appearance and his effect on others can also be linked into the next component darkness. The idea of darkness is underscored on every page of the book, the storyline itself is of a dark nature, and Stevenson emphasises this with use of intense imaginativeness and descriptive language in just about every chapter.Primitive behaviour is perhaps the easiest component to pick up on, this component links directly to Mr Hyde as he is portrayed as primitive from th e moment he arrives in the storyline. The novella goes out of its way to paint Hyde as animalistic. In chapter dickens Hyde is described by Mr Utterson as a troglodyte. Troglodyte is a word from Greek origin that when translated nitty-gritty cave-dweller. This translation triggers images of cave men to the lecturers mind, as we begin to conceive of of humans who were less developed and because more primitive than we ar in both looks and mannerism. The word is acting almost as a stimulus, a stimulus from which the lecturer derives a picture of Mr Hyde.In semblance the element of the gothic genre that is the most hidden is the theme of Isolation. It is shown in umpteen parts of the book, in graphic symbols in a very simple way, but the reader does need to look deeper within the text to find the relation. Near the end of the book Jekyll who is slowly being eclipsed by Hyde confines himself to his laboratory to protect others from himself. This shows isolation quite simply, b ut the fact that Jekyll makes a potion that gets rid of the angel within man leaving isolated the fiend is an moral of a relation that is hidden within the well written words of Robert Louis Stevenson. Though well written is quite the understatement.Stevenson employs a range of many techniques to make Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde a novel that can most definitely be described as one of a kind. The change of narratives and the way in which the final chapters are structured like genuine documentations is a unique method that re wholey gives the story a good sense of authenticity.The novella plays host to an immeasurable amount of themes all of which coincide with the idea of double standards and hypocrisy. The foremost being the theme of duality. This theme is reiterated throughout the story in many different ways and at many different points, from as early as Story of the Door. In that first chapter we cod two particular invoices of the passs that home Jekylls residence and his labora tory. The first account goes into great depth about the serenity and picturesque qualities of the street, the reader gets the feel of an aristocratic society, where everything down to the inhabitants is polished and as close to perfection as humanely possible.But Stevenson doesnt leave this string of happiness apparent for long. He is quick to give us his second account, an account that clashes with the first in every possible way. The second account gives the reader a feel of inattention and also a feel of darkness. Stevenson uses words such as dingy discoloured and blind to really emphasise just how dark and squalid the neighbourhood is. We can clearly see that the theme of duality is think as Stevenson does not just describe the two scenes to us but also forces the reader to equalise the two by saying the street shone out in blood to its dingy neighbourhood.Deriving from the theme of duality, is the duality of man, the story focuses on the notion that humanity is dual in natu re. Though the theme is not fully emerged until the last chapter, when we find Jekyll and Mr Hyde are one and the same, it is always apparent to us, as we, in this daytime and age shaft of the concept the story holds before having read the book. When reading Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde it is important to realise that the book was intended as a mystery and though we know of the final conclusion, the Victorian reader did not and was not hypothetic to. With this in mind, we see that the theme is only really confronted after we have witnessed and create opinions on all the events of the story. In chapter ten Jekyll states that man is not truly one, but truly two he imagines man as two characters as an angel and a fiend and it is this philosophy that leads to the potion that is supposed to separate each side. It is this philosophy that provides the basis for the entire story.Another theme which places a large emphasis on creating a world of double standards and hypocrisy is the theme of irr ationality. Every character within Stevensons novella is or at least starts as a respectable member of the society in which they live. One could argue that Mr Hyde is anything but, and the reply to that would simply be that Hyde is Jekyll, and even before the potion, when Jekyll is engaging in activities acceptable by his peers, Hyde placid exists within him. With this on-going faade of respectable and gentlemanly stature, every irrational act that occurs within the eighty-eight pages of this celebrated novel is also an act of hypocrisy and of double standards. And irrationality does occur.The walk of the girl in chapter one shows hypocrisy on Jekylls part that hidden deep within him, underneath his courteous out-of- entry is the urge to engage in reckless and uncivilized deeds. The murder of Sir Danvers Carew is similar in the way in portrays hypocrisy, and after this second act of maliciousness the reader is intrigued to look further into the irrationality of these acts. It ap pears that these brutal attacks are done for nothing more than joy. We get the impression from his assault upon innocents that Hyde seems to enjoy doing wrong, we see it is not just a case of Hyde being free from law, civilization and conscience but instead a case of Hyde going out of his way to commit violent crimes, just because he can. We get the impression that Hyde is disgraceful rather than amoral.Another side of irrationality is The wolf in Man. Again no-one portrays this better than Hyde. Stevenson wants the reader to think of a creature when they envision Hyde and he uses many descriptive devices to obtain this effect. Hyde is described as trampling over Sir Danvers Carew with ape like fury, in the third chapter and when Jekyll is describing his spontaneous transformation into Hyde he describes his fiendish vis-a-vis as the animal within me in addition a general description of Hyde portrays his hand as corded and hairy.These examples of symbolic imagery help paint a pict ure for the reader by destiny to depict the appearance of Hyde. Fitting in with the duality of man, Stevenson wanted to make sure that Jekyll and Hydes appearance were seen as completely different, therefore it is necessary for the constant references to Hydes appearance as animalistic as no character within in the entire book can give a detailed description of Mr Hyde, they all instead seem to conclude that he is ugly and deformed in some indefinable way. The Beast in Man is further emphasised when Poole and others begin to characterize Mr Hyde with the words it and thing God know what it was, That thingwas never Dr Jekyll.Near the beginning of this Victorian Mystery Jekyll asserts the moment I choose, I can be rid of Mr Hyde. Jekyll believes he has complete control over the situation that he has worked so desperately to create. He believes that he can switch in and out of his rivalling personas by merely drinking his concoction. When he decides he no longer wants to be Mr Hyde, h e believes that by discontinuing the use of the potion, Hyde will cease to exist. The emphasis is on the word believe. Jekyll under-estimates the situation he has created, and as realisation hits him, it is already too late. He has wandered too far past the point of no return.This statement emphasises the theme of control and addiction. Jekyll is subject to addiction and as with all addictions he genuinely believes that he has total control. The notion of hypocrisy is in Jekylls certainty that he has control, when in fact he is as out of control as can be. It is unfortunate that his realisation of the fact that he is all out of control comes virtually before his death. The ending of this tragic story, really touches the reader as even though the hero and villain of the story are one and the same, there is still a likeness that the reader develops for Jekyll, and his death, though it means the death of Hyde, is not the happy ending that you would expect. The catastrophe of Jekylls death is further accentuated by the reaction and sorrow that the friends of Jekyll feel at his loss.Friendship and loyalty is nevertheless another theme that is apparent in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. This theme harmonizes wonderfully with the element of decorum that runs throughout the novella. The two relationships that best define the word friendship are between Jekyll and Utterson and Jekyll and Poole. When Utterson suspects that Jekyll is being black-mailed and then later on when he suspects that Jekyll is sheltering Hyde from the police, he does not make his suspicions known. Knowing of the importance of reputation, he remains loyal to heat content Jekyll and keeps his friends secret, so as not to ruin his respectability. The idea of hypocrisy is shown through Utterson being an upright and respectable member of the community, whilst still being prepared to keep sordid secrets quiet, besides his instincts that something negative is taking place.The friendship between Jekyll and P oole is best shown when Jekyll has been fully extinguished. Poole has been a loyal servant to Jekyll for over twenty years and is the first person to realise Jekylls death. He with Utterson engages in out of character behaviour, when they pummel down the door of Dr Jekyll which once more shows double standards as they are acting out of turn, in a way that suggests anything but respectability. much importantly it shows the strength of friendship that these two characters have for Dr Jekyll that they would engage in reckless behaviour, set digression their morals, forget about their respectability, their stature and think of nothing but their dear friend.Stevenson uses all these themes skilfully and eloquently to portray a world of double standards, but the idea of hypocrisy is shown within this piece of literary productions through a number of different devices such as language and setting. Every scene that is introduced to us is shortly followed by the introduction of another sce ne that is always of a harsh contrast.Dr Jekylls home is described by Stevenson as having a great air of wealth and comfort. In a brutal comparison is his laboratory which is described as a certain sinister block of buildingwhich bore in every feature the marks of a profound and sordid negligence. The laboratory with its neglected aura and overt vileness perfectly illustrates the malevolent and malicious character of Mr Hyde and the dark nature of the story as a whole. Whereas the respectable and affluent house portrays the respectable and upright Dr Jekyll and the dignified element to the story. The contact between the two buildings represents the connection between Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The buildings are attached but they look out onto two different streets. Because of the layout of the streets, the fact that the buildings are two parts of a whole is undetectable without prior knowledge, just as the fact that Jekyll and Hyde are one and the same is undetectable.Another example of two scenes that illustrate duality is Hydes house the interior and the exterior. Stevenson tells us in hindsight that Jekyll had bought and furnished a house to live in when he transformed into Hyde. We are given a description of the outside of the house, we are told that it is placed in a dingy street, a gin palace and that ragged children huddle in the doorways that surround this sorry excuse for a home. No instead have we read about this distasteful house are we made subject to the description of the houses interior. The entourage are furnished with luxury and good taste. Adjectives such as elegant, good and agreeable are all used in the description of the interior of Mr Hydes house. The conflict between the inside and the outside of Mr Hydes house is a prime example of Stevenson trying to portray a world of hypocrisy and double standards to the audience.As well as themes and settings, Stevenson uses many literary techniques to get across the idea of double standards and hypo crisy. The first example of this is the descriptions of the street and Jekylls laboratory in the very first chapter. Stevenson describes the shops on the street as standing out like rows of smiling saleswomen. This simile creates a joyous mood, as does the statement the street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighbourhood. The word shone portrays radiance and tells the reader that the street is much better and livelier than all around it. It almost gives an impression of the street being something special.When describing the dreary laboratory belonging to Jekyll, Stevenson uses powerfully depressing adjectives and personification to show just how sinister the laboratory is. It is described as having a blind forehead and a door that is blistered and distained. All of these descriptions depict human characteristics, especially blistered and distained. These adjectives bring about a depressing mood, and help in portraying the evilness and ugliness of the building.By using these cont rasting accounts Stevenson is not only showing duality and hypocrisy but also emphasising and symbolizing the character and habits of Mr Hyde. The laboratory which appears as no more than a door is seen as different from all of the houses that surround it. It is not considered normal. This demonstrates the fact that Hydes principles are not normal, as the laboratory is where Hyde is situated for a lot of the book. The laboratory is neglected and uncared for unlike everything around it. During Victorian times outward appearance was very important amongst society, it was necessary that everyones appearance was very respectable, so that people would receive the right impression of them. Hyde is quite the opposite he doesnt care about how he looks or how he is seen. The way the laboratory stands out because of it dingy manifestation shows how Hyde is different and the odd one out in society.The duplicity of Victorian society is also shown, by the quote Though so profound a double-dealer . This assertion by Jekyll in the final chapter of the book shows Jekylls motives for the extended research into the duality in man and the eventual potion making. It explains that his initial hypothesis was based on himself as he in public and in private behaved as though he were two people. The alliteration in this quote also helps to portray the theme of double as the very word is in the phrasing and the alliteration is on two words.Another way in which Stevenson uses literary techniques to portray his main theme is in varied sentences. Stevenson uses a lot of short sentences to create tension and to change the pace that the story is being read at. He uses sentences such as and his blood ran cold in his veins and theyre all afraid this helps builds tension and prepares the reader for climaxs within the story.Robert Louis Stevenson was a man with a definite flare for writing. He has managed to portray the theme of hypocrisy and double standards to his readers in a clever way and w ith a unique style. This theme could have been shown simply and entirely by the two main characters Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, but Stevenson goes further with his work, he shows duality in every possible way he can, oxymorons, contrasting descriptions. The world of double standards is apparent from the very start of this eloquent novella. It is the indignation and depth that you can so clearly see in his words that make Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde a novella loved by all ages.

Dynamic Tension Through Compression and Expansion Essay Example for Free

Dynamic Tension Through Compression and Expansion EssayElements with a guiding quality placed in contrast to a static enclosure can infuse force and drama. The implied energy can be manipulated to excite or surprise the perceiver while giving directing cues or emphasis to elements in dummy. Directional cues can clarify circulation, making navigation through space more comprehensible. Strong emphasis on elements in space can be achieved through separate the static with the projectile. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564) * master of the use of dynamic tension. The space is entered by ascending a monumental set of suck stairs to the summit of a hill overlooking Rome. B. The perceiver is received in a trapezoidal piazza defined by 3 palaces symmetrically placed. C. The main building, Palazzo del Senatore terminates the axis approach. D. Palazzo dei Conservatori and Palazzo Nuovo flank the axis and vomit up the main building by widening toward the dominant facade forming a wedge-shaped space.The three retinue were to contrast sharply in shape and articulation to reinforce their purposes. The vestibule is upstanding in plan, the adaptation room rectangular, and the rare books room was planned to be triangular. The constructed library was composed of the two parts A. meter tuition Room B. Vestibule The tall square vestibule contains a large monumental stair that leads to the reading room.The stair spills from the entrance of the reading room with a robust exaggeration of forms splitting in to three stairs at the landing. The stair fills the room, creating a strong directional quality in contrast to the non-directional square room. The accentuation of the tension amid the enclosure and stair is by positioning the entrance to the room at ninety degrees to the directional thrust. Tension is introduced in the room by the treatment of the elaborate walls. Paired columns back up rather weak volute brackets are recessed between the pla ster walls, giving the impression of abundant muscular contraction.The purpose of the said transition space is to establish a prelude experience of tension and compression in contrast to the restful reading room. Aubette (Strasbourg) PLAN Interior View Right Side prime Interior View Left Side Elevation The building originally dates from the 13th century and between1765and1778substantially rebuilt by architectJacques Francois Blondeland then to serve as a military building. In the nineteenth century had the military share the building with a cafe, which was later covered.Use elements in the consideration of having dynamic tension in the interior Dynamic Elements 1. Walls by room of colors, shapes and diagonal lines 2. Ceiling by means of colors, shapes and diagonal lines Static Elements 1. Floor by means of color 2. Seating by means of system of object The collection of paintings in 1803 founded the city of Strasbourg in 1869 in the Aubbette housed. Only the outer walls we re preserved. Dynamic tension is achieved by the use of the rectangular shapes patterns placed in the wall accompanied y the use of contrasting colors.

Four Diamond Essay Example for Free

Four Diamond EssayEmbassy Suites Cleveland in Beachwood, Ohio is a hotel with 216 modes. The hotel is self proclaim as beautiful, modern, and spacious. The hotel also claims to be rated as a Four Diamond hotel. The hotel offers some great comforts like, family rooms, room service, free breakfast, a fitness center, a swimming pond, a restaurant, meeting rooms, non-smoking rooms, etc. I stayed at this hotel about two years ago, and the appearance of the hotel is nice but if you look a weeny knottyer you will find some major flaws. Although claimed as a great hotel and with abundant amenities, my experience at this hotel was horrible because the hotel has a bug infestation, mechanical problems throughout the building, and the instruction and service they provided was poor. While visiting at the Embassy Suites in Beachwood, Ohio, with my family and a only hockey team, I came across some problems. First I was in my hotel room when I discovered a sm each(prenominal) cockroach, and after bringing this to the coachs attention, she adduce I did not tell the rest of the team member and their families.The management agreed to wash all of our be massiveings and give us a new room because the surrounding hotels were all booked out. So we agreed, we returned from a hockey game only to find we were not move to a new room yet. The manager apologized and were only able to give us a room two doors down from the superior whizz. When we arrived at our new room we opened the door, clicked the light on and there were two, large cockroaches on the ceiling. We contacted the manager once again, this time she was in tears apologizing and due to the other local hotels being so profuse we had to stay.The manager moved us again, this time five rooms in the other direction, this room had no cockroaches but the heat didnt work. We equitable wanted extra blankets, so we called to the front desk for them and they sent us blankets and somebody to check out our heat, but come to find out he was just the shelter guard who openly admitted he had no idea how to fix the heater. There are many reasons why I would suggest never to visit the Embassy Suites in Beachwood, Ohio. the first reason is they are infested with cockroaches.Cockroaches were not just spotted once but on several times while I was there. Cockroaches are hard to get rid of and is a sign that this hotel is not clean and has not been clean for a long time. Another reason I would never suggest this establishment, is because the management does not retire how to handle problems. The management should be trained to handle problems like the ones I can across while there. Management should not cry when embarrassed of their facility and they should be tentative to unsatisfied guest.The last reason why I would not suggest visiting this hotel would be because there was not only a cleanliness problem with the building but the building had not heat in the middle of February and the main elevator was br oken the whole time I was there. The heat was more of a problem than it usually would be because the simple reply would be just get more blankets, but then the cleanliness of the blankets and the cockroach problem come into prank again. Some of the other reviews people wee left are quite similar to my experience.One of the reviews that touch me was listed on http//www. tripadvisor. com, the review reads as from beginning to end, our experience with this hotel was poor. I have found Embassy Suites to be comparatively clean, efficient and user-friendly. I will be brief we found a bedbug in one of our rooms, our car got keyed in the parking lot, there were no towels in the gym or pool area, the functions at the hotel were too loud and went on too late, and the quality of the rooms was poor with many presentation obvious water damage.The worst part was the reaction from management. If you are ever heading to the Cleveland, Ohio area I suggest you never stay at this hotel. After re ading many reviews that correlate with my experience, I know my experience was not just an isolated incident. The Embassy Suites has a number of problems and according to the recent reviews I have read, this hotel is not working very hard to correct their awful service.

Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression Essay Example for Free

godsend Twenties and the Great Depression EssayDuring the Great Depression people suffered from lack of work, food and desire for the country and survival. America was ready for change and an end to the depression. President Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal computer programmes would admirer the economic recovery. The New Deal dramatically increased the role of the government in American flavour and strengthened the power of the government. The Three Rs of the New Deal which are Relief, Recovery, and Reform. Many of the recollective lasting effects of the United States economy have brought economic stability to the country. The programs of the New Deal had the common chord goals of relief for people who were suffering. Examples of programs that are part of the relief is that in 1933, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) federally funded and provided jobs, seamy electricity, and flood control to poor rural areas and the Public Works Administration (PWA) which provides jobs t hrough construction projects, such as bridges, housing, hospitals, schools, and aircraft carriers. The second goal was recovery for the economy for it to grow again.Programs that are part of the recovery program is the National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA) helped businesses to recover and the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) was created to help homeowners allay their homes from foreclosures. The third goal was reform measures to avoid future depressions. In 1935 the Social Security Act is a combi rural area of public assistance and insurance and the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) guaranteed labor the decent to for unions and practice collective bargaining. Many of these programs still exist today to help many people in confederacy.The New Deal had long lasting effects on the United States economy. The policies effects the social and pagan groups. Native Americans were granted citizenship and tribal self-government as well as their language, customs, and religious . African Americans benefited less from the cumulation but later received some help and many moved from the Republican to Democratic Party. Women in addition did not benefit from the New Deal but to a greater extent women ran for and won political office. In society and culture the Depression, the New Deal and new technology reshaped how people lived and thought. The increasing popularity in movies and radio programs, on with government supported art and writing, made the decade a productive era in American culture.President Roosevelt took many actions to combat the depression. The New Deal legacy has a huge impact in todays society. The New Deal institutes new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate that nations economy. It has brought hope and gratitude from some people for the benefits they receive. It also brought anger and criticism from those who believe that it has taken more of their money in taxes and take their freedom through increased government regulations.

Parenting Styles and Abilites Essay Example for Free

Parenting Styles and Abilites EssayFamilies come in umteen dissimilar forms. Back in the 1950s/60s most families compromised of a father, a bewilder and at least one baby, this is k promptlyn as a nuclear family structure. In the past some decades though divorce rates rose which has caused a rise in reconstituted families for example step families, parents now bailiwick endless hours which has seen more children being raised by extended family members eg grandparents and new changes in rightfulness has seen same sex marri maturates become legal. Within my placements legion(predicate) of the young people using the service get ended up in their situation due to family breakdowns.Many of the families live off benefits or on the poverty line and are battling with addictions to alcohol or drugs or are suffering from depression. This has a flush on affect to the young people I feel as they are therefore evaluate to senesce up quicker in order to look after themselves or a ny separate children that may be in the house. Also from what I incur seen most of the young people do not seem to have any ambition or hopes for a better living and many get involved in the same kind of lifestyle that they have been used to all(prenominal) of their lives. This would checker with Banduras Social Learning Theory where people copy behaviours from their peers.In regards to the above Labour and progressive Democrats have been campaigning for same sex families to have the right to adopt. Years ago this would have been frowned upon, besides because same sex couples are now more accepted in society I take if they have the best intentions for the child then why shouldnt they be allowed to raise their own families. Functionalists would not agree with this the same as they do not agree with single parent families as they consider in the nuclear family for reproduction, primary socialisation and economic support. I feel the young people that I work with have come from uninvolved parenting backgrounds.Many of them have been in trouble with the law and have never really been told right from wrong. Another reason for some of the young peoples behaviour is survival methods as they have been brought up to fend for themselves. Other parenting styles are indulgent, authoritarian and authoritative. Indulgent too known as permissive parenting usually means the parent/s are very involved in the childs life and interests alone does not believe in discipline. This results in many of the kids growing up to believe that they can do as they please and know no boundaries.Communication style would be very passive. The parent can come across very apologetic, at a loss for words, weak, distraint and anxious. Authoritarian parenting is mainly ensuring the child has strict guidelines and rules to follow and very much believes in discipline. This way of parenting normally results in the child growing up to be unhappy and in some cases they rebel against the deem that they have been brought by. The parents way of communicating with the child would be very aggressive and commanding, loaded words and questions, position the blame on the child, sarcastic and loud with a cold front.Finally there is authoritative parenting which is believably made up by most of the population. This kind of parenting shows an interest in the child but also t separatelyes the child right from wrong. Children brought up in this kind of environment grow up happy and crazy to achieve. Communication methods for this kind of parenting would be assertive. Ensuring point gets across, statements of wants and needs, caring and confident. Within the care sector in the UK it is likely you will come across all of the family styles mentioned above.In many other countries parenting styles will not bend such an most-valuable part in the childs life. Children from as young as five years of age are sent come on to work by their families in order to make a living, and in some cases the children do not have a choice as they have lost their family members to divergent environmental disasters, diseases etc. These societal issues play more of a part in the way the children grow up as they know they have no choice but to go out to work in order to survive. Recent TV progammes have followed families that live in slums in India.The totally family goes out to work long hours everyday rummaging through rubbish to see what can be recycled, the children do not always get to attend school as it is too expensive. At the end of the day the whole family sit, make and eat dinner together. Family values play a huge part in their lives and the signified of community is great, I feel this is more important as the family all seem to appreciate each other more and dont take things for granted. In the UK parents are now having to work longer and longer hours therefore spending more time away from home, but unfortunately as in India where this seems to bring the family and community loser together it seems to be having the reverse affect here causing families to seperate and communities to be divided.I personally come from a very big close family so family is very important to me. I believe that if the young people that I worked with had close relationships with their parents then their outlook on life could have been very different. I think within the social care sector I could dumbfound this very difficult to deal with seeing how some families treat their children and are very uninvolved in their upbringing.Obviously the most important thing is ensuring the safety of the family especially the children, this would mean having to learn to accept different families styles of parenting whether I agreed with them or not as long as there were no signs of endangerment and ensuring the children were not put at risk in anyway. I know this is something I could struggle with but that I could not let interfere with the way my work was carried out with the fa mily and have to accept that all families are different and live by different values.

Hobbes VS. Locke VS. Rousseau Essay Example for Free

Hobbes VS. Locke VS. Rousseau Es adduceI am at the point of believing, that my labor testament be as useless(prenominal) as the nation of Plato. For Plato, as well as is of the opinion that it is impossible for the disorders of the stir ever to be taken a sort until self-reliants be philosophers . . . I recover any(prenominal) hope that angiotensin-converting enzyme time or opposite this writing of mine whitethorn f each(prenominal) in entirely into the hands of a sovereign who forgeting consider it for himself, for it is short, and I think clear. -The Monster of Malmesbury (doubting Thomas Hobbes), Leviathan1 Thomas Hobbes was born at Westport near Malmesbury in Wiltshire, Eng lower. 2 A wealthy uncle paid for his education and send him to Magdalen Hall, Oxford.3 Hobbes lived at a time of im mense intellectual excitement, and the universities of his day were far from being at the cutting-edge of intellectual advance. 4 The Oxford syllabus still consisted largely of pedant logic and metaphysics, which he regarded as sterile pedantry and for which he had nonhing hearty behaved to say. 5 Leaving university with a degree in scholastic logic and, it has been said, several more degrees of contempt for Aristotle in sort outicular, and universities in familiar, Hobbes obtained a post as passenger car to the Earl of Devonshire.6 He travelled widely with the Duke, moving in increasingly aristocratic circles and even showd profess the celebrated Italian astronomer Galileo, in 1636. 7 Hobbes likewise met an separate important figure, Sir Francis Bacon. Francis Bacon was a philosopher who spurned the Aristotelian logic and system, which basically was a speculative system, started surface from some major assumptions and through deductions substantial his philosophical system. 8 Thomas Hobbes has a more cynical and realistic, gather in of hu valet nature than the Greeks.9 Whilst he agrees that people have regard for their self-interest, on th at point is little else Hobbes testament accept from the ancients. 10 Hobbes was considered by human racey of his contemporaries to be, if not dallyually an atheist, certainly a heretic. 11 Indeed, after(prenominal)wards the Great varietyle of 1666, in which 60,000 Londoners died, and the Great Fire straight afterwards, a parliamentary committee was set up to go over whether heresy might have contri preciselyed to the two disasters. 12 The list of possible causes includes Hobbes writings. 13 Hobbes books atomic number 18 a strange mixture of jurisprudence, religious enthusiasm, and semipolitical iconoclasm.14 Hobbes political possibleness, then is that of someone who experienced both(prenominal) the side of meat accomplished War and the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. 15 This fact is important to our consciousness of it. 16 He formulated his political ideas several times, scarcely it is in Leviathan that they find their most ace and influential st atement. 17 His approach to authorities is self-consciously scientific. 18 His technique of enquiry is delivered partly from the resolutive-compositive manner associated with Galileo and Bacon, and partly from the deductive reasoning that had so impressed him in Euclid.19 If we argon to arrive at a sound understanding of politics, we essential starting time analyze or resolve tender wholes into their smallest cistron parts namely, individual human beings. 20 Then, having studied the properties and behavior of those parts in isolation, we cigarette deduct from them, as it were from first linguistic rules, sage conclusions approximately tender and political organization. 21 He breaks down (by analysis) social phenomena into their basic constituents, and sole(prenominal) then synthesizes these to produce a new theory.22 It is this technique, as much(prenominal) as his theory of index number as the motivating spring of mankind, that turns Hobbes a distinctly modern thin ker. 23 His materialism is central to his depend of human behavior. 24 The body of individually human being is, he thinks, only a complex mechanism, somewhat akin a clock. 25 Hobbes has a mechanistic Weltanschauung. We are bodies in constant motion. 26 He seems in other words, to have a kind of materialistic psychological science in which human behavior exhibits the same, as it were, mechanical tendencies as billiard balls that can be tacit as obeying, again, geometric or causal processes of cause and effect.27 ahead we proceed to his account of the state of nature, we will explore first some of his important ideas. First, is his doubteral view of knowledge. Hobbes was obsessed with the question nigh what can I know or, whitethornbe put a different way, what am I authorise to believe, and there are many passages in Leviathan that register to Hobbes fundamentally skeptical view of knowledge. 28 He is a skeptic not because he believes that we can have no foundations for our be liefs, scarcely he is skeptic in the sense that there can be no, on his view, transcendent of nonhuman foundations for our beliefs.29 We cannot be certain, he thinks, of the ultimate foundations of our knowledge and this explains you whitethorn have wondered about this, this explains the importance he attri hardlyes to much(prenominal)(prenominal) things as naming and attaching correct definitions to things. 30 Knowledge, in other words, is for Hobbes a human construction and it is always case to what human beings can be made to agree upon and that skeptical view of knowledge or at least(prenominal) skeptical view of the foundation of knowledge has far reaching consequences for him.31 This argument of Hobbes resembles the thesis of Berger and Luckmanns book. The ongoing process of objectivation-externalization-internalization to construct, reconstruct, and deconstruct the piece. In other words, knowledge and human reality is socially constructed. 32 If all knowledge, according to Hobbes, ultimately rests on agreement about shared terms, he infers from that our reason, our rationality, has no share in what Plato or Aristotle would have called the divine Noos, the divine intelligence.33 Our reason does not testify to some kind of inner voice of conscience or anything that would purport to give it some kind of indubitable foundation. 34 Such certainty as we have about anything is for Hobbes always provisional, discovered on the basis of experience and military issue to continual revision in the light of further experience, and that again experiential conception of knowledge. 35 Next, is his idea of the righteousnesss of nature. Fear is the basis, even of what Hobbes called the various legalitys of nature.36 The equitys of nature for Hobbes are depict as a precept or a general rule of reason that any man ought to endeavor love-in-idleness and it is out of fear that we begin to reason and see the advantages of society reason is interdependent upon t he passions, upon fear. 37 The inbred laws for Hobbes are not divine commands or ordinances, he says, moreover they are rules of virtual(a) reason figured out by us as the optimal means of securing our well-being. 38 Ignorance of the law of nature is no excuse. 39 jibe to Prof.Bacale-Ocampo LlB, there are two doctrines of the rude(a) law everyone must seek peace and follow it, and man being able, if others were too. 40 Hobbes also said that there can be no un expert laws. in that respect are two reasons for this proposition, according to Prof. Bacale-Ocampo LlB law precedes justice, and the sovereign is the frame of all the peoples rights. 41 This argument justifies Hobbes defense of the absolute and authoritarian power of his sovereign. The power of the sovereign, Hobbes continually insists, must be unlimited. 42 This notion also resembles Art.XVI, Sec. III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, that, The State may not be sued without its consent. In a very real sense, a suit against the State by its citizens is, in effect, a suit against the rest of the people re typifyed by their common regime an senseless and absurd situation indeed. 43 Now, lets go to his notion of the state of nature. The state of nature, a shocking phrase calculated to arouse the wrath of the Church, call forly conflicting with the rosy biblical icon of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden before the Fall.44 Hobbes thinks the human machine is programmed to direct its energies selfishly. 45 He doubts if it is ever possible for human beings to act altruistically, and even apparently benevolent movement is actually self-serving, perhaps an attempt to make them feel good about themselves. 46 Hobbes tells us, . . . in the first place, I put for a general inclination of all mankind, a perpetual and restless relish of Power after Power, that ceaseth only in Death. 47 The desire for power is the cause of human discordance and conflict. 48 Finally, Hobbes most quoted statement, that in the state of nature, .. . there is no place for Industry because the fruit thence is uncertain and consequently no Culture of the Earth no Navigation, nor use of the Commodities that may be import by Sea no Commodious Building no instruments of moving, and removing such things as require much essence no knowledge of the face of the Earth no account of Time no humanistic discipline no Letters no Society and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death And the disembodied spirit of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. 49 The state of nature is s connote a kind of given of maximum insecurity.50 Hobbes continues, herewith it is manifest, that during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called War and such a War, as is of every man against every man . . . the nature of war, consisteth not in actual fighting but in the known disposition thereto, during all the time there is no sanctio n to the contrary. 51 There are 3 principle causes of quarrel. The first is competition, for gain the second is diffidence and a compulsion for safety whilst the final one is the compulsion for glory, and for reputation.52 Yet they all precipitate violence. 53 Hobbes tells us, The first use violence, to make themselves Masters of other mens persons, wives, children, and cattle the second, to defend them the third, for trifles, as a word, a smile, a different opinion, and any other sign of undervalue either direct in their Persons, or by reflection in their Kindred, their Friends, their Nation, their Profession, or their Name. 54 Hobbes also asks the readers, Let him, the reader, therefore ask himself, when taking a journey he blazonry himself and seeks to go well accompanied.When going to sleep, he locks his doors even when in his house, and even when in his house he locks his chest and this, when he know, he says, there be laws and public officers armed to avenge all injuries sh all be done to him . . . Does he not therefore as much accuse mankind by his deed as I do by my words? 55 In short, the members of the Hobbesian state of nature employs the immaculate prisoners dilemma. The strategic interests of the two individuals are antithetical to each other, and that keeps them from forming a social solidarity that would be best for them altogether.56 The prisoners dilemma is analogous to a social world in which public goods would be quite valuable to have, but in which individuals would lose something from contributing to the public good as long as other people do not. 57 There has to be an assurance that the other side will live up to the bargain but there is no way of knowing that, and in fact one can figure out that other people will act just like oneself. 58 Whether one assumes that the other person is ultimately selfish, or still distrusting, the outcome is the same.59 Rational selfish individuals dealing with other rational selfish individuals will neer sacrifice anything to the public good, since it would be a waste. 60 That is what makes the situation a dilemma. 61 Hobbes constructed his state of nature, victimisation logic, not using historical data. The state of nature, for him, is rather a kind of thought experiment after the manner of experimental science. 62 Hobbes is the, again, the outstanding founder of what we might call, among others, is the experimental method in social and political science.63 How can we escape the horror of the Hobbesian state of nature? By establishing a sovereign by means of a social contract. He would understand (1) that it is rationally necessary to seek peace (2) that the way to secure peace is to enter into an agreement with others not to harm one another and (3) that having entered into such an agreement, it would be irrational, in the sense of self-defeating, to break it for as long as the others kept it. 64 By this chain of reasoning, society would be created.65 It would be created by an agreement a compact, as Hobbes calls it made by individuals no one of whom has interest in anyone elses good per se, but each of whom realizes that his own good can be secured only by agreeing not to harm others in drive off for their agreement not to harm him. 66 But, there must be an enforcer, because Hobbes argues that, Covenants without the sword are but words, and of no strength to secure a man at all. 67 So the people will have to, Confer all power and strength upon one serviceman, or upon one assembly of men, that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one Will . . .This is more than Consent, or Concord it is a real Unity of them all, in one and the same Person, made by Covenant of every man with every man . . . that Great Leviathan, the Commonwealth, and it comes about when either one man by War subdueth his enemies to his will, or when men agree amongst themselves, to submit to some Man, or Assembly of men, voluntarily, on confidence to be defend by him against all others. 68 The sovereign is created by, but not a party to, the compact. 69 He therefore cannot be got rid of because he is in reach of the compact. 70 If he could be, his power would not, after all, be sovereign.71 Hobbes remains one of the most impressive and influential of English political theorists. 72 He is also, though he several times twits himself on his own timidity, a writer of colossal intellectual courage, who expressed unpopular views at a time when it was dangerous mortally dangerous, indeed to do so. 73 He also provides an antidote to the high-minded reasoning of the schoolmen and indeed the Ancients. 74 Starting from a pragmatic assessment of human nature, he strengthens the case for a powerful political and social utensil organizing our lives.75 And with his interest in the methods of geometry and the natural sciences, he brings a new style of argument to political theorizing that is both more persuasive and more effective. 76 But from Hobbes we also obtain a reminder that social organization, however committed to fairness and meetity it may be intended to be, being cause by a struggle between its members, is also inevitably both authoritarian and inegalitarian. 77 some all subsequent attempts to treat politics and political behavior philosophically have in some sense had to take Hobbes into account. 78Though the water running in the fountain be everyones, to that degree who can doubt but that in the pitcher is his only who drew it out? - trick Locke, Second Treatise79 derriere Locke was born into a Puritan family in Somerset, England. 80 His father was a country lawyer who embossed a troop of horse and fought on the parliamentary side in the Civil War. 81 Locke went up to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1652. 82 Like Hobbes before him, Locke found the old fashioned Scholastic curriculum uncongenial, though his association with Christ Church was to last, with interruptions, for more than thirty years.83 He became a s enior student that is, a Fellow in 1659. 84 In 1667 he became medical adviser and general factotum of Anthony Ashley Cooper, created first Earl of Shaftesbury in 1672. 85 When Shaftesbury was appointed Lord Chancellor in 1672, Locke became his secretary. 86 Earl Shaftesbury went on to common chord notable political achievements he led the opposition to Charles II, he founded the Whig Party, the forerunner of the Liberals, and he pushed Locke into politics.87 John Locke is a kind of lowest common denominator of political philosophy, the intellectual forebear of much of todays political orthodoxy, a role that befits a thinker of a naturally orthodox turn of mind. 88 He also fitted the times very well (Bertrand Russell even described him as the apostle of the Revolution of 1688). 89 His philosophy was actively adopted by contemporary politicians and thinkers his influence was transmitted to eighteenth-century France through the medium of Voltaires writings, and inspired the principl es of the French Revolution.90 And his views would spread still more widely, through the writings of Thomas Paine, at last shaping the American Revolution too. 91 Although Lockes reputation as a philosopher rests almost tout ensemble on the epistemological doctrines expressed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, he made a great and lasting contribution to political thought. 92 This contribution consists mainly in his Two Treatises of Government, especially in the Second Treatise. 93 It is usual to regard the First Treatise as being mainly of antiquarian interest.94 It is in the Second Treatise that Locke presents his own ideas. 95 The proper agnomen of the treatise is An Essay Concerning the True, Original, Extent, and End of Civil Government. 96 The master of Lockes own residential college at Oxford, Balliol College, described Mr. Locke as the master of taciturnity, because he could not discover, through questioning and so on, Lockes opinions on religious and political ma tters. 97 Before we proceed to his notion of the state of nature, we will first explore some of his major ideas. First is his account of the law of nature.There is no modern thinker that Im aware of who makes natural law as important to his doctrine as does Locke. 98 The law of nature, Locke tells us, willeth the peace and saving of all mankind. 99 Locke adds, the law of nature . . . obliges everyone and reason which is that law, teaches all mankind who will but consult it, that being all live and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions. 100 Locke also offers the three fundamental rights life, health, and seat. These three rights can never be overruled even by the government.They are also our natural rights, they are pre-political, it means that they are already our rights even before the establishment of the government. The interesting thing about these fundamental rights is that it is paradoxical. There are two reasons for this par adox. The first is that, our rights are less fully mine. 101 Our rights were presumption by God. Locke tells us, For men, being all the workmanship of one Omnipotent and Infinitely Wise Maker, they are his property whose workmanship they are, made to last during his, not one anothers pleasure.102 The second reason is that, because our rights are unalienable, they are more deeply mine. 103 These three Lockean fundamental rights influenced the renowned 1776 U. S. Declaration of Independence, We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the rocking horse of happiness. 104 Its like the ghost of John Locke who wrote this declaration, not Thomas Jefferson.Every sentence of this declaration has something like a Lockean spirit or fingerprint. This Lockean principle also influenced our present Constitution. Art. III, Sec. I of the 1987 Constitution st ates that, No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. 105 Next, his theory of private property. Lockes account of property certainly, in many ways, one of the most mark doctrines of Lockean political thought.106 In the beginning the whole world was America, explains Locke, meaning that the world was an unexploited wilderness, before, through the efforts of people, there came farms and manufactures and buildings and cities. 107 With these come trade, and money. 108 But although property is the foundation of political society, Locke traces its origin back not to commerce, but to the conjugal union. 109 The first society was between man and wife, and later their children. 110 Lockes view of human nature is that we are very much the property-acquiring animal.111 Locke tells us, Every man has a property in his own person, this nobody has any right to but himself. The labor of his body and the work of his hands, we may say are properly his. 112 This is one of the major premises of Robert Nozick and other libertarian thinkers, that we own ourselves. Locke continues, Whatsoever then he removes out of that state of nature has provided and left it in, he has mixed his labor with, and joined to it something that in his own and thereby makes it his property. 113 Locke anticipates Marxs Labor Theory of Value.Locke continues, For this labor being the unquestionable property of the laborer no man but he can hence a right, to what that is once joined to, at least where there is enough and as good left in common for others. 114 Locke adds, As much land as a man tills, plants, improves, crazeivates and can use the product of, so much is his property. He by his labor, does as it were, enclose it from the common. 115 unmatchable of the most famed passages in the Second Treatise is that, God gave the world to men in common, but since He gave it to them for their benefit and the greatest conveniences of life that they were capable to set from it .. . it cannot be supposed He meant it should always remain common and uncultivated. He gave it to the use of the industrious and the rational and not to the fancy or covetousness of the quarrelsome and contentious. 116 Locke seems to suggest, that the state will be a commercial-grade state, that the Lockean republic, the Lockean state will be a commercial republic. 117 Labor becomes, for Locke, his source of all value and our title to common ownership and in a remarkable rhetorical series of shifts, he makes not nature, but rather human labor and acquisition the source of property and of unlimited material possessions.118 The new politics of the Lockean state will no longer be concerned with glory, honor, thumos, virtue, but Lockean politics will be sober, will be pedestrian, it will be hedonistic, without sublimity or joy. 119 Locke is the author of the doctrine that commerce softens manners, that it mak es us less warlike, that it makes us civilized. 120 On the ground of Lockes claim of self-ownership as the foundation of rights and justice, I will offer one of the major criticisms to this view. This is the inequality principle of one of my favorite political philosophers, John Rawls.First, Lockean theory of justice, broadly speaking, supports a meritocracy sometimes referred to as equality of opportunity, that is, what a person does with his or her natural assets belongs exclusively to him, the right to rise or fall belongs exclusively to him. 121 Rawls principle maintains that our natural endowments, our talents, our abilities, our family backgrounds, our history, our crotchety(p) histories, our place, so to speak, in the social hierarchy, all of these things are from a moral point of view something completely domineering.122 no(prenominal) of these are ours in any strong sense of the term. 123 They do not belong to us but are the result of a more or less kind of random or a rbitrary genetic lottery or social lottery of which I or you happen to be the unique beficiaries. 124 No longer can I be regarded as the sole proprietor of my assets or the unique recipient of the advantages or disadvantages I may accrue from them. 125 Rawls concludes, I should not be regarded as a possessor but merely the recipient of what talents, capacities, and abilities that I may, again, purely arbitrary happen to possess.126 The difference principle is a principle for institutions, not for individuals. 127 This is not to say that the difference principle does not imply duties for individuals it creates innumerable duties for them. 128 It means rather that the difference principle applies in the first instance to regulate scotch conventions and legal institutions, such as the market mechanism, the system of property, contract, inheritance, securities, taxation, and so on.129 The direct application of the difference principle to structure sparing institutions and its indirec t application to individual conduct, exhibit what Rawls means when he says that the primary subject of justice is the basic structure of society. 130 The basic structure of society consists of the arrangement of the political, social, and economic institutions that make social cooperation possible and productive.131 These institutions have a profound influence on individuals everyday lives, their characters, desires, and ambitions, as well as their future prospects. 132 The difference principle also requires that economic institutions be designed so that the least advantaged class enjoys a greater share of income, wealth, and economic powers more generally, than it would under any other economic arrangement (with the important qualification that the final distribution is compatible with equal basic liberties and fair equal opportunities).133 We should follow the principle that would be chose under ideal conditions not because it is rational for us to use such a procedure (in the nar row sense of rationality), and not because doing so would maximize total overall utility, but because doing so embodies fundamental values to which Rawls thinks, we are already committed, the values of freedom and equality. 134 In structuring a just society, we must also employ what Rawls called the veil of ignorance. The situation where you dont know who you will be.cxxxv Using the DP and the veil of ignorance, we can assure that the cake will be sliced equally. There are other important Lockean ideas, that I wish to address, but for the main reason of limiting my paper, I wont discuss them anymore. These important ideas are the Lockean idea of a limited government (which resembles our present form of government), his Appeal to Heaven doctrine or the right of the people to rebel against an unjust government (this doctrine is also embodied in the Art. II, Sec. I, of the 1987 Constitution), and his famous doctrine of consent.Now, lets proceed to the Lockean interlingual rendition of the state of nature. Like Hobbes, Locke makes use of the idea of a state of nature as an explanatory dressing table which to build his political theory. 136 As with Hobbes, and despite some ambiguity of language, the argument is not really a historical one. 137 Locke does not take Hobbes pessimistic view of how ungoverned human beings would behave in recounting to each other. 138 Unlike Hobbes, he does not depict the state of nature as an intolerable condition in which the amenities of civilization are impossible.139 The drawbacks of Lockes state of nature would be no worsened than inconveniences. 140 The continous inconveniences is that men in the state of nature were both the judge and executor of the law of nature. Locke tells us, The execution of the law of nature is, in that state, put into every mans hands, whereby everyone has a right to punish the transgressor of that law to such a degree as may hinder its violation. 141 Everyone can enforce the law of nature. Locke adds, One may destroy a man who makes war upon him . . .for the same reason that he may garbage down a wolf or a lion because such man . . . have no other rule, but that of force and violence, and he may be treated as beasts of prey, those dangerous and noxious creatures, that will be sure to destroy the, whenever he feels into their power. 142 How can we escape the inconveniences of Lockes state of nature? Civil government is the proper remedy for the inconveniences of the state of nature. 143 Just like his great predecessor Hobbes, we must reciprocally agree to give up our enforcement power by means of a social contract.Locke tells us, Men being, as has been said, by nature, all free and equal and independent, no one can be put out of this estate, and subjected to the political power of another, without his own consent . . . when any number of men have, by the consent of every individual, made a community, they have thereby made that community one body, with a power to act as one body , which is only by the will and determination of the majority . . . to move . . . whither the greater force carries it. 144 Locke has no particular view about the form of government should take, as long as it is based on popular consent.145 It may be a republic, but it could be an oligarchy and there might still be a monarch. 146 But whatever form the government takes, Locke says, it does need to include some separation of powers, and sets out fairly precisely the distinction to be made between the law-making part of government the legislature and the action-taking part the executive. 147 The executive must have the power to appoint and dismiss the legislature, but it does not make the one superior to the other, rather there exists a fiduciary trust.148 According to Lockes view of government, there are only two parties to the trust the people, who is both trustor and beneficiary, and the legislature, who is trustee. 149 The principal characteristic of a trust is the fact that the trustee assumes primarily obligations rather than rights. 150 The purpose of the trust is persistent by the interest of the beneficiary and not by the will of the trustee.151 The trustee is little more than a servant of both trustor and beneficiary, and he may be recalled by the trustor in the event of neglect of duty. 152 Locke also tells us that, The great and chief end, therefore, of mens uniting into commonwealths and putting themselves under government is the preservation of their property. 153 Property here is the general term for life, liberty, and estates or possessions. This Lockean idea is also embodied in the famous The Federalist No. 10 of James Madison, The diversity in the faculties of men from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insurmountable obstacle to a uniformity of interests.The protection of these faculties is the first object of government. 154 Locke jointly, perhaps, with Hobbes is the most influential of all English political theorist . 155 His political writing, like all political writing, is a response to the issues and events of a specific time and place, and reflects a particular perception of those issues and events. 156 Locke creates a picture of the world in which rationality is the ultimate authority, not God, and certainly not, as Hobbes had insisted brute force.157 He insists that people have certain fundamental rights and also attempt to return the other half of the human race, the female part, to their proper, equal, place in history, the family and government. 158 Lockes bequest is the first, essentially practical, even legalistic, framework and analysis of the workings of society. 159 That is his own particular contribution to its evolution. 160 Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains. -the citizen of geneva (Jean-Jacques Rousseau), The Social Contract161.Rousseau was born in Geneva in 1712, the son of a Calvinist watchmaker. 162 It was his father who brought him up, his mother having died in childbirth. 163 His father also gave Rousseau a great love of books, but otherwise he had little formal education. 164 At the age of cardinal he ran away from home and began a life of solitary wandering. 165 His was a difficult, hypersensitive personality, with a towering sense of his own genius. 166 Although capable of intense friendship, his relationships never lasted.167 After leaving Switzerland, Rousseau lived in savoy and worked in Italy, before gravitating to Paris, at the time the leading intellectual centre in Europe. 168 There he associated with the Enlightenment thinkers the philosophes and particularly Diderot. 169 Rousseau contributed articles (mainly on musicology) to their great project, the Encyclopedia, but although he subscribed to some of their beliefs he was never a committed member of the group. 170 He developed his own ideas that differed radically from their fashionable cult of reason and from establishment orthodoxy.171 Indeed, Rousseaus most striking characteristic is his originality. 172 He changed the thinking of Europe, having an impact on political theory, education, literature, ethics, ideas about the self and its relationship to nature, and much else. 173 These influences, together with his elevation of emotion and will above reason, make him the major precursor of the Romantic movement. 174 His early Discourses offended the philosophes, while his two most famous works, Emile and The Social Contract (both 1762), outraged the authorities, particularly because of their.