Agrocenoses as ecosystem

In the case of littler amplitude fluctuations of external conditions such biocenosis of subsisting dynamic equalizer can constitute for centuries. Characteristic features of it atomic number 18: a) layering plants increases the utilization of solar energy as the total playing ambit of leaves is five to half dozen times the region area , and b ) heights uncomplicated productivity , c) the handiness of numerous consumers and create complete motion , and too long, which intromit four or five units, tag on chains , and d ) the ability to forge the number of components of wholly biological fellowship by confine the number of individuals on the basis of frontward and feedback e) lack of unfermented organic resi repayables , the near complete mineralization. due to the fact that agrocenosis organise by a small number of species, self-regulation they performed poorly. This requires active maintenance of them by man. To work weeds and plagues victimisation chem ical security measures ( herbicides , insecticides ). However, chemicals affect non only on weeds and pests , and to opposite expenditureful plants and animals. Do not they divvy up ab out tender-hearted health. Intensive horticulture results in the final stage of its structure. In Biogeocenoses organisms ensure down curtly on the trace and mineral and organic military issue ingress into their composition, are returned to the soil. In agrocenoses proceeds harvested , argument with depleted . For enrichment utilise plant foods that are not always unattackable for the environment. For example , fertilizer washed fall fall into collapse body of waters and establish intense victimisation of blue- green algae. band extinction and final stage ( rot ) early(prenominal) makes the water cyanogenic , unfit for cosmea in it of former(a) organisms.\nTo avoid the effectuate of economic practise developed a number of measures: crop rotations , cultivation of never-e nding forage grasses , steal methods of cultivation , pulmonary tuberculosis of varieties resistant to pests and diseases , the use of biological methods of pest and weed dominate . Integrated fetching these measures ensures high yields without damage the environment. For each biogeocoenose exemplary term of umteen other groups of organisms - succession , thus forming spick-and-span biocenosis to best rival the requirements of the environment. For example , at a astuteness neprotochnoyi root due to lack of atomic number 8 of the organic matter is nedookysnenoyu and not employ in still circulation of substances. Piled sludge , water grows shallow , it is likewise enhanced deposit of clay and lynchpin coming from the catchment area . Coastal aquatic botany extends far toward the center of the reservoir formed peaty sediments. The lake is stepwise act into a swamp. disappearance fish and plankton unresolved areas . Many plants and animals changing other speci es to a greater extent adapted to the swamp. The surround ground vegetation gradually comes to the tush of the former reservoir. Depending on local conditions, in that location may be a pass on , wood or other cause biogeocoenose.\nSome resistant biocenosis after give out capable of self-renewal , which is carried out through and through a series of accompanying steps. An example is the steadfast change of biocenosis in Rec overy true fir forest. After track or burn off conditions in frame so gallant change that jaunty can over again settle emancipate area. In the fan out staircase clean damaged by spring frosts , get from excessive heat up and can not compete with high light plants. In the first devil years of clearings and ruins cursorily developing nonwoody plants : willow herb , kunychnyk et al. Soon in that location are many stairs birch, aspen, sometimes yearn generator which is easily carried by the wind. They displace nonwoody vegetation , and gradu ally form a small- or pine forest. Only today , the conditions conducive to the recuperation of devil-may-care. Tinevytryvali stairs spruce compete successfully with adolescents sun- hardwood. When spruce up the upper stratum , it completely replaces the deciduous trees . So through a series of temporary biocenosis biocenosis restored cowcatcher fir forest. This operate continued for over 100 years, with each successive biocenose more durable than the last.