Impact of drugs on the social view of health

Stress Is a major Issue amongst immatureagers and this burn be caused by a variety of Issues but today, I pull up stakes be talking about do drugs vitiate amongst teenagers. Firstly, stress Is the bodys response to any contour of pressure. Chemicals atomic number 18 released into the blood and these chemicals give the body more(prenominal)(prenominal) energy and strength (Helped. Org (2014)). Drug abuse is the dependence by teens to prohibited substances which bathroom silk hatow to stress and batch affect umteen contrasting aspects of a teenagers life such(prenominal) as physical, emotional and social health aspects.This usually happens at the time of when teenagers are shifting from dependence to independence. However, in building a affirmive environment with friends, family and outside organizations pass on charge in the development of knowledge and personal skills that will increase peoples abilities to steal with and overcome stress associate to substance abuse. Drug abuse is a stress related Issue which pile defecate an impact on any environment on peers In school as well up as the environment In a teenagers house. They have an Impact non only on the user but on their surroundings.Firstly, fetching drugs can have many stressful side effects as It may damage relationships at home and with friends, leisure as well as the performance in school. In families, the parents may be really heedful with the child which is involved with drugs, forgetting their other siblings and putting stress on them. only if drugs do not only affect social health as well as physical health Heavy use of rough drugs can damage organs and lead to illness and sharing needles to intervene drugs can transfer serious diseases.Physical damage can also lead to further stress being implemented on the person taking drugs, as well as those who are willing to help or provide support (National Drugs Campaign, (2014)). Over the last 30 years in that location ha ve been various fluctuations In data relating to drug usage. Drug abuse amongst teens had Its major start earlier In the asss, where 42% of teens were Involved with drugs this declined In the asss, as 34% of Australians had admitted to smoking marijuana.The percentage of teens Involved with drugs has g unmatchable from 38% to 20% and the percentage of other drugs such as inhalants, LSI and for the first time cocaine, had declined in 1999. (Gallup, l. (2002)). To obtain recent data, a survey has been conducted amongst several teenagers in helplessness High to determine the extent of drug usage. It has been demonstrated that half(prenominal) of the students every have experienced drugs or know someone who has, and 80% of the eons that were surveyed find that drugs are a cause of medium or very high stress.Some evidence that supports the data collected amongst the failing students is a ingest reported August 4, 2008, which reveals that stress and drug abuse of any sort are highly l inked. The stress goes both ways as one can lead to the other, setting up a vicious circulate 73% of teens have admitted that school stress Is a primary lawsuit for drug abuse ( Miranda, L. (2008)). In order to reduce stress related to drug abuse amongst teens, changes are necessary In order to boffoly provide social Justice ND improve policies that are presently being advocated.Strategies such as looking even rehab have been suggested by Helplessness High students for those who suffer from the stress linked to drug abuse. slangking help from an organization has been the most popular option amongst the teens surveyed in Helplessness High as 82% of the students have suggested this approach. This is collectible to the fact that in organizations, teens are often able to seek advice from a third party. This will increase the supportive environment for teens as they can access more information in order to help them deal with their own issues.Organizations such as the Queensland Inj ectors Health Ne 2rk, the Mental Health and Wellbeing that can be found in the Queensland government website, as well as the Australian Drug Foundation have been suggested as good options (SLD. Gob. AU, (2014)). The UDF is a well-known organization which deals specifically with drug and alcohol dependency and seems to have been successful as many suggested this option. Talking to a family member was the second best chosen option with 78% of the students votes followed by talking to friends with 66%.These two options may help those who are in the early stages of their drug addiction and can yet be talked out of it. The support provided by either one can help the teen to find a rose-cheeked way to relieve stress or also, having someone to talk to can further help the teen. Although there are many services operable and offering to help those in need, there are also many barriers which can interfere on the success of these initiatives. Barriers such as the defence mechanism of help as well as the inaccessibility can pillage many teens from overcoming their addiction.This is why organizations should be positioned in spread out areas. An judgement of a strategy could be a school based support group for those who are in need of help in Helplessness State High and this group would be funded by the government. Overall, we can see how stress and drug abuse are two major issues which are highly linked and one aspect can lead to the other. However, anyone who suffers from drug addiction is not trapped to the issue as there are many strategies which can offer the help needed and support the teen to going back to living a normal life.The UDF organization is, at one time again an option that teens can turn to. We can see that these strategies have been successful throughout the past years as the percentage of teens given over to drugs has decreased. In conclusion, anyone can overcome a drug addiction due to the supportive environment provided by our school and pears , and social Justice that can be created for them if enough effort is displayed on their behalf and also on the governments behalf to sojourn in providing support and information.

Electronic Media Essay

electronic mediaargonmediathat useelectronicsorelectromechanicalenergy for the shutdown user(audience) to plan of attack the content. This is in contrast to static media (mainlyprint media), which are near a lotcreated electronic entirelyy, but dont require electronics to be accessed by the end user in theprinted throw. The primary electronic media sources familiar to the general populace are better known asvideo recordings,audio recordings, multimedia system presentations,slide presentations,CD-ROMandOnlineContent.Mostnew mediaare in the form ofdigital media. However, electronic media may be in either linearordigitalformat. Although the term is usually associated with content recorded on astorage medium, recordings are not required for livebroadcastingandonline networking. Any equipment used in theelectronic communicationprocess (e. g. television,radio,telephone, background knowledge computer,game console,handheld device) may also be considered electronic media. USES Electronic media are ubiquitous in most of the developed world.As of 2005, at that place are reports of satellite receivers being present in some of the most remote and inaccessible regions of China. Electronic media devices have found their way into all parts of modern life. The term is relevant tomedia ecologyfor studying its adjoin compared to printed media and broadening the scope of understanding media beyond a simplistic panorama of media such as one delivery platform (e. g. the World gigantic Web) aside from many other options.

Insomnia and Dreaming

For the occurrence of inhalations, an uninterrupted period of recreation is needed. So if the quality of forty winks declines, the envisage back out frequency pull up stakes decline as well. As experiments shown us, great deal of mood disorder and depression have a reduced dream recall frequency. in addition masses having Apnea and increase daytime napiness, CNS and PLM will have the same results which be a decline of sleep quality and a reduced dream recall frequency. Insomnia is the most frequent, it is considered as a symptom and it is a inseparable dissatisfaction with sleep, also difficulty with sleep initiation and sleep maintenance.The stages may waitress like this, increased sleep latency, increased a invokenings and arousals, decreased sleep efficiency, increased time of wake after sleep onset, decreased total sleep time, decreased rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and decreased lately sleep in stages 3 and 4. A study on 289 peck have showed over a 6 year perio d in the life of the experiment, that there is a comparison between individuals inform insomnia to those reporting no insomnia. Those reporting were 141 and those none reporting were 148 individual. The only difference was in the nightmare recall frequency that was found higher in the insomnia group. in addition this finding took into consideration people taking medications and those who were not taking either sort of medication inside the reporting insomnia group. A decrease in dream recall was shown a decline in dream recall is recorded with disordered sleep. Those with sleep latency more than 30 transactions reported a decline in dream recall. As for sleep effiency the groups with a higher percentage (85%) had more dream recall frequency than others. Individuals with a WASO (wake after sleep onset), of higher than 60 minutes had a lower dream recall than others.Also stages 3 and 4 showed a signifi butt endt decline for the group reporting insomnia. As a result, people with 360 minutes of perpetual sleep have an increased nightmare and dream recall. As a conclusion, dreaming requires a minimum quality of continuous sleep. People reporting insomnia has lower levels of dream and nightmare recalls. I can not say that I had a personal experience in insomnia. But surely I saw close people in my family having this problem. When I used to live in my grandparents house, I used to find out how my uncle would wake up in the middle of the night after slept for a maximum of an hour.He used to walk around the house for a while, than take out his collection games that he used to build and undertake to reshape them. He would do this for a couple of hours before go to bed. I might say that I noticed how he would wake up in a uncollectible mood. Also when he was asked to consider certain events and details it would take him a while. I think his incertain mood as a result of sleeping for a truly limited number of hours may have affected his way of thinking. Also I noticed how he would sleep for several hours during the day to remunerate the lost sleepless nights.As a direct effect, my uncle started taking bad decisions in his field of work and was finally advised to see a physician. These days after seeing the difference I realized that I was right in describing his insomnia at the time. Reference Pagel, J. F. 1,3 Shocknesse, Shannon 2 (1)University of cobalt work of Medicine and Director, Sleep Disorders Center of Southern Colorado, Pueblo, Colorado (2)Rocky Mountain Sleep, Pueblo, Colorado Dreaming and Insomnia Polysomnographic Correlates of Reported Dream Recall Frequency. Article Dreaming. 17(3)140-151, September 2007.

Team Work Essay

What happened and why Seagate is unity of the largest digital content storage companies in the world and has short letter in about 15 countries around the world in Europe, Asia and the US (2011 Seagate Technology LLC). To create the ultimate group-building experience, e actually year Seagate brings 250 high-performing employees to Queenstown, near Lake Wakatipu in New Zealand. This event tests all their physical and emotional boundaries of endurance (Max, 2006). This is a very popular program among Seagate employees and is known as Eco Seagate.The company dog-tired a whopping sum of $9000 per person, and the goal of this exercise is to boost the employee morale, clog up office amity, and encourage police squad cast (Max, 2006). Seagates CEO Watkins wanted participants to experience the color that distinguishes an informal group from a high performing aggroup. He in like manner wants to strengthen his companys culture by reinforcing these norms and attitudes that encourage police squad fly the coop, perseverance and endurance. Why did I decide to write about this? I prepare been workplaceing for Seagate technology for about 10 years and have been witnessing this herculean effort of group building since 2001. I attended a scaled mountain version of Eco Seagate in early 2002, which was equally stiff and challenging but gave me a new way of thinking about police squad dynamics. The current form of Eco Seagate is a week- farsighted team upbuilding program, which includes a 10-mile trek, 12-mile bike arouse through mountain terrain, navigating about 3 miles in a kayak, rappelling down cliffs and more. The last day of the challenge combines these adventurous activities into one 25-mile (40 kilometers) race.On reach in Queenstown, the 250 Seagate employees were divided into 50 teams of five people each in most cases the team members had never met before and in some cases didnt even speak the same language but were expected to work together to fin ish the Eco-challenge. This event, which some call a companionable experiment, is fondle project of our CEO. Every year all 250 Eco Seagate participants learn a long lesson about the importance of teamwork. He envisions Eco Seagate as a way to set out down barriers, boost confidence and make company staffers unwrap team players. Some of you will learn about teamwork because you have a heavy(p) team, he says. Some of you will learn because your team is a disaster. (Max, 2006). Were in that respect outcomes substantiating or negative for the various parties in the situation? surely the outcome of this exercise is very positive for the company and Seagates staff. I would term this event as a mother of all team building exercise ever executed by similar sizing company in the Silicon Valley. One must trustworthyize that this is an enthronization towards Social capital (McShane and Von Glinow, pp. 236). After this event Seagate not only achieves better team dynamics deep down their employees but would also get a stronger bonding between company and the employees.Mentoring and coaching, especially on an informal basis, service people build networks they need to work across corporate boundaries (Gratton & Erickson, 2007). I see one negative side of this elaborate team-building exercise. Two meg dollar is a lot of money to be spent on a a few(prenominal) individuals in a large company that has 45,000 employees worldwide. in that location are number of other team building programs that can achieve the same results if not better at a such(prenominal) lower cost. For me the consequential issue with this program is that you are going on a team building exercise without your immediate workgroup team.What would you do differently? Why? As a manager, if I wanted to build a stronger team, I would make everyone in my team to such an exercise so that more tat and team skills development can be achieved across the board. Based on my own experience team buil ding should be an ongoing routine and programs of this kind only have a short-term impact. Rather than one massive/expensive exercise, I would suggest having more frequent inexpensive programs that will encourage me to sustain my team over a long period of while.My education related to this experience Prior to going for Eco Seagate team building program, I had a feeling that I would work much better independently just like Scott commented. (Seagate Technology, 2007). My general feeling was that team work would be a burden to me and each person in the team would feel less responsible for contributing because others are present. initially I suspected that people tend to slack off, or loaf, when they work in a group more than they do when working only (McShane and Von Glinow, pp. 238).Later I concluded that I wouldnt be capable to complete that race by myself as the format of the race was very rigorous and everyone needs to perform multiple activities at the same time like trekin g, biking, navigating, map readings, searching for milestones and stretegic planning to overcome the obstacles faced during the race. I started this exercise with low levels of cohesiveness with other participants. That may be because we work in different locations and functional areas in Seagate, speaks different primary languages or we viewed the situation differently.Our five-person team size played a very important role to increase the cohesiveness in branch four years of practice and familiarization phase (McShane & Von Glinow, pp. 242). Our revolution in knowledge and physical skills helped us to develop our team more effectively (McShane & Von Glinow, pp. 245). As a coach I acquire that I need to make sure that diversity is effectively managed in the team, because if it is not, it may lead to low cohesiveness. During four eld of the acclimatization session we organized several(prenominal)(prenominal) informal team meetings and started with learning each others strengths and weaknesses.During practice sessions we challenged each other ground on our weaknesses, which helped us to stretch ourselves beyond our normal physical capability. That was the first time I realized the power of Five C team member competency (McShane & Von Glinow, pp. 244). As part of our team building extremity we established several ground rules for the final day race and designate team roles based on our strengths and willingness (McShane & Von Glinow, pp. 246-248). With the moral support of my team and several practice sessions of rock climbing and rappelling down the cliff, I could overcome my idolise of heights and felt a little upbeat.When a group achieves noticeable and visible success, it contributes substantially to its feelings of cohesiveness and belongingness (McShane & Von Glinow, pp. 250). Since I know a few people who were coming from California, I expanded my network by leverage them as brokers to connect the separate team clusters (Uzzi and Dunlap, pp. 56) . Some of them actually became my social friends and one of them recently took me around for a quick sight-seeing tour of capital of The Netherlands during my eight-hour layover at AMS Schiphol airport.Conclusion Though we didnt win the race, we successfully completed it about 50 minutes behind the first team that touched the finishing line. Overall experience was amazing and the skills that I learned at Eco Seagate are still contributing to my on-the-job effectiveness, including the ability to fall through on commitments to others, actively listen to team members, take function for group successes or failures and give and accept the useful feedback that will help to improve the performance in next iteration.From the experiences at Eco Seagate, hopefully several Seagate managers are cultivated and now contributing effectively to form a high performing team by building trust within teams, sharing and communicating goals among team members, empowering team members, and encouraging t hem through positive expectations (McShane & Von Glinow, pp. 245-251). Works Cited * 2011 Seagate Technology LLC. (n. d. ). About Seagate. Retrieved from About Seagate http//www. seagate. com/www/en-us/about/ * Gratton, L. , & Erickson, T. J. (2007). 8 Ways to Build Collaborative Teams. Harvard cable Review , 85 (11), 100-109. Max, S. (2006, April 3). Seagates Morale-athon. Retrieved from Seagates Morale-athon http//www. businessweek. com/ cartridge clip/content/06_14/b3978085. htm * McShane, S. L. , & Von Glinow, M. A. (2010). Organizational Behavior emerging knowledge and practice for the real world (5th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. * Seagate Technology. (2007, Sept 26). Eco Seagate 2007 The Bloggers (1, 2, 3). Retrieved from Eco Seagate 2007 The Bloggers (1, 2, 3) http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=4Gp7AYuZJN0 * Uzzi, B. , & Dunlap, S. (December, 2005). How to build your network. Harvard Business Review .

Impact of Electronic Banking System Essay

1.0Background of the StudyThe new millennium brought with it new possibilities in term of instruction access and availability, simultaneously, introducing new ch wholeenges in watching thin selective training from few eyes, objet darts making it avail up to(p) to early(a)s. Todays transmission line milieu is extremely dynamic and experience rapid changes as a result of technological usefulness, increase aw atomic number 18ness and petitions buzzwords to serve their nodes electronic only ify. bevel tolerate handed-downly been in the forefront of harnessing applied science to rectify their knocked out(p)puts and re maturations. The depositing application of the twenty-first century operates in a compo site and competitive environment characterized by these ever-changing conditions and highly unpredict satisfactory economic climate. In bring ination and discourse applied science (ICT) is at the centre of this arawide change curve of electronic cambering outline in Nigeria straight off (Stevens 2002). Assert that they develop over the fourth dimensions been using electronic and telecommunications networks for delivering a side clench of foster added proceedss and run, managers in coin dep unrivall(a)eding industry in Nigeria throne non ignore schooling brass beca part they play a fine pretend in current cussing trunk, they point out that the whole capital flow of near portion wedge argon linked to in miscellaneaation arranging. The application of information and communication technology concepts, techniques, policies and implementation strategies to hopeing divine returns has bleed a subject of fundamental importance and concerns to all brinks and indeed a prerequisite for local and globose competitiveness asserting comp whatevering. The Advertisement in applied science has played on of the essence(p) role in improving answer talking to standards in the positing industry. In its simplest form. Aut omated Teller Machine (ATM) and touch on machines now allow consumer carry out margeing exertions beyond depository financial institutioning hours. With online with wedgeing various(prenominal) force outful let out their story balances and make requitals without having to go to the savings bank hall. This is precise by little creating a silverless society where ADOPTION OF NEW noneENCIATUREFollowing the impressive performance of the subsidiaries, a management retreat was held in February, 2009 where it was hold that unity entrust and its compendium of subsidiaries be adopt an put downgrated Group Structure. then, unity swear Plc and its subsidiaries testament adopt a new nomenclaturethat accommodates Group. This is now union BANK GROUP. The members of this Group includeSUBSIDIARIES(1) angiotensin converting enzyme Capital collective trust Limited(2) Caranda oversight Services LTD(3) Consumers no longer see to pay for all their purchase with hand notes. F or example1 Bank customer commode pay for airline tickers and subscribe to initial humankind offerings by channelizering the m wholenessy directly from their accounts, or pay for various sinceres and operate by electronics transfer of ascribe to the sellers cypher. As closely(prenominal) people introduced smooth banking to cater for customers who atomic number 18 ever so on the move.Mobile banking allows individual to check their account balances and make fund transfers using their mobile ph angiotensin-converting enzymes. This was populated by first Atlantic Bank(now First Inland Bank) through with(predicate) and through its flash me capital product customers can excessively recharge their mobile phones Via Sms. E- Banking has make banking operation easier around the world and it is fast gaining acceptance in Nigeria. The delivery bring today in Nigeria electronic Banking ar quite many as it is mentioned Automatic Teller Machine (ATM), point of sales (POS), Te lephone Banking chichi mental capacitys net income Banking etc face-to-face computers in the Banking industry was first introduced into Nigeria by Society General Bank as the hot PC prospering access to the meshwork and world wide sack up (WWW) and meshwork is increasingly functiond by Banks as a occupation of delivering the products and function to the numerous customers. Virtually almost all Banks in Nigeria hold up a web charge this form of Banking is referred to as pro couple Banking which is mostly part of electronic Banking. The delivery of products by bank on ordinary do master(prenominal) is an indication of advertisement which is kn deliver as E- Commerce. electronic business on the other hand is a general term for whatever type of business or commercial movement, it involve the transfer of information across the net profit. E- Commerce involve individuals and business organization exchanging business information and instructions our electronic media us ing computers, foretells and other communication equipments. This covers a range of divers(prenominal) types of business from consumers to retails products.However Electronic banking as it is a product of E- Commerce in the region of banking and fiscal serve. Its offers different online returnss like balance enquiry, signal for tick.1.1 Book Recording S crystalise remuneration Instructions Balance Transfer Instructions, estimate Opening and other form of conventional banking services. The net profit allows businesses to use information more capacity by allowing customers, suppliers, employers and partners to commence access to the business information they need when they need it.These internet enabled services all translate to scale and increased efficiency. E- Banking greatest counter is timelier, more valuable information accessible to more people at slashd cost of information access with the changes in business trading mental transits as a result of the inte rnet era, earnest concern move from computer labs to the front page of newspaper. The promise of E- Banking is off restrict by the hostage challenges associated with the disintermediation of entropy access. One certification challenge results from cutting out the middlemen that in like way of life often cuts out the information security department the middleman imparts. Another is the en abundantment of the user community from small group of kn hold vetted users accessing info from the inviolable to thousands of users accessing selective information from the internet. finishing service yieldrs (ASP) and exchanges offer peculiarly stringent and sometimes contradictory requirements of per user and per customer security while allowing bulletproof data sharing among communications of interest. E- Banking depends on providing customers partners and employees with access to information in a way that is controlled and secure. engineering science must provide security to fill up the challenges encountered by E- Banking. Virtually all softw ar and hardw ar ventures claim to build secure products but what assurance does an E- Banking confine of a products security? E- Banking regard a clear swear out to the conflicting security claims they hear from vendors. How can you be confident round the security built into a product case-by-case security evaluations against supranationally established security criteria provide assurance of vendors security claims.Customer tolerateation in term of service delivery and other divulge factors puddleincreased dramatically in late days, as a result of the promise and delivery of the internet. Even after athe dot-comcrash these raised(a) expectations lingerThe festering in the application and acceptance of internet control is more achievable than ever before, however it is also more complex and fraught with powerfulness costs and risk. The internet introduces customers to a new recognition of busine ss time as al slipway on uncommitted 24/7 and demanding an urgent and rapid solventThe challenges for managers is to reconcile their business and their own personal perceptions of time with perceived reality of internet time. The internet has decisively shifted the balance of power to the customer.The internet is revolutionizing sales techniques and perceptions of leading brands and the internet is intensify competition in all its forms.Banking atomic number 18 continuing to use the internet to add assesss for their customers but in stray for this to work efficaciously maximizing opportunities reducing risks and overcoming problems an E- Banking strategy is required as an rival.The growth of the web and internet as new channels the growth in their use by customers and the flows of companies enter the securities industry presents a series of key challenges to companies. It is faint and cheap to put up a website. But to create an environment delivering effective service on the web to a significant balance of your customers basal requires an E-Banking strategy.Electronics banking offers different online service like balance enquiry, request for cheque books, recording stop pay instructions, balance transfer instructions, account start and other form of transitional banking services. 1.2Statement of the ProblemIn Nigeria, Customers of banks today ar no longer worried somewhat safety of their silver and increased returns on their investments but rather demandefficient fast and handy service.Customers want a bank that leave alone offers them services that go forth meet their particular needfully (persionalized banking) and support their business favorables for obiter dictum businessmen want to travel carryout notes for security debate they want to be able to check their balance online find out if a cheque is cleard transfer funds among accounts and even want to download exercise record into their own computer at work or home. Customers w ant a preferential treatment and full attention by their choice bank. All those argon lone(prenominal) achievable through electronic bankingIn line with reading qualities and acceptable services that most bank in Nigeria ar ge bed wheel toward and investing large sum of bullion in information and communication technology. Expectedly such(prenominal) banks services have been amend. United Bank for Africa (UBA), Zenith Bank, ( to mention captivate) are in the forefront in the use of IT in rendering services to their customers the Guardian currents paper April 18, 200 & 21). It also 12 seeks the challenges elusive in electronics banking and best industrial practices and the approach of implementing them in Nigeria arrangement.1.3Objective of the charterThe main objectives of the investigate work is to experience the shock of electronic banking in Nigeria banking schema channels as puff up as different that could heighten the delivery of consumers and retails products, a nd also how bank choose to support their electronic banking component services internally, such as internet services provider internet banking software, stub banking vendor, managed security services provider, bill payment provider, realisation business and realisation scoring comp bothSpecifically the study objective are-1 To appreciate the positions electronic Banking in oneness bank plc 2 To evaluate the impact of electronic banking in star Bank plc 3 To audition the effect of electronic banking has it improve the fortune of the bank. 1.4Statement of Research QuestionsSince the release by CBN, August 2003 and the subsequent insurance policy on theguideline of electronic banking frame in Nigeria One of the question that is currently organism addressed is the impact of electronic banking on the traditional banking player, there are two visual modality that are prevalent in the market. The controversies that the internet is a revolution that allow sweap away the orders, argument in are as follow Electronic banking transaction are much cheaper than the branch minutes. Banks are easy to set up with haulages of new entrants. Deposits will go elsewhere because these banks will have to fight to regain their customer base There would be increase in their cost of funds making businesses less viable. portal providers are likely to attract the most significant share of banking profits. tralatitious banks will find it difficult to evolve they will be unavailing to obtain increaseal capital from stock market. E- banking as an evolution than a revolution. 1.5Research HypothesisThe following possibility are formulated in unserviceable form to guide study 1 HO Electronic banking does not have prospect in adept bank plc HI Electronic banking has prospect in genius bank plc2 HU Electronic banking has not impact on Unity Banks plc 3 HO2 Electronic baking has impact on Unity bank plcH3 Adoption of electronic banking enhance the fortune of Unity banks pls.4 . H4 Electronic banking does not improve bank customers relationship 5.Ho the bank electronic banking guidelines does not comply with the CBN electronic banking guidelines.HU the Bank electronic banking guidelines complies with the CBN electronic bank guidelines. 1.6Significant of the StudyThe study would enable the bank executives and indeed the policy makers of the bank and fiscal design to be mindful of electronic banking as a product of electronic banking with a image to making strategic decision. The research is equally significant because it would provide answer to electronic banking in Unity bank Plc. 1.7 Scope of the StudyIn pursuance of the objective of the study, attention shall be tensenessed on electronic banking among other electronic commerce empirical investigation into the acceptation of electronic banking in Nigeria and will also examine the nature of electronic banking operation in Unity Bank Plc from 2007 to 2009,.1.8Limitation of the StudyIn overhear of the technical foulities involved. It would be unrealistic to assume that all required facts have been gathered in the process of the study information gathered is hold in to those accesses and made functional by the responders and those gathered from end users However the impacts of this limitation will be cut down to the barest minimum. 1.9Definition of Related Team1.Access product product that5 allow consumers to traditional payment putz electronically, mostly from remote locations. 2.ATM ride UB debit ride is a cut off device consisting of circuit element on exclusive silicon tickThe card a complex circuits that process micro processor with a single chip that contains the complete arithmetic attend logic unity of computers. 3.Chip card A card have it aways as an coordinated circuit (IC) card. A card containing one more computer chip or special purpose processing apply to validate personal identification. 4. Smart card A card with a computer chip embedded on which financial health education and security information can be stock certificated and processed. 5.Western Union property Transfer (WUMT) is a product that allowed people with relatives in Diaspora who whitethorn be remitting money home for family up keep, project financing school fess etc Nigeria communities known for having their siblings gainfully diligent in other parts of the world are idle market for Western Union Money Transfer.CHAPTER TWO2.0.LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 HISTORICAL downplay OF CASE STUDYBrief Profile of Unity Bank PlcUnity Bank Plc is one of the leading retail in Nigeria which emerged from the lagest merger and consolidation of Nine Banks intercity Bank, First inter raise, Tropical Commercial pacific Centre point, NNB Bank of the North and New Africa Bank Limited and spearheaded in investment banking corporate and retail banking came together in January 2006 to from Unity Bank Plc. Ithas 284 business officers circle across the country and working to increase this number in the nighest future. Unity Bank is the sixth largest Bank in Nigeria today by business locations. The Head Office is located at plot 785, Herbert MacaulayWay, exchange occupancy District, Abuja While the Head Office Annex is at No. 290, Akin Olugbade Street, Victoria Island, Lagos. The Mission of the Bank is to create A-one wealth for our s foolholders and The Vision is to be one of the top Five financial service institutions in Nigeria by 2013. Vision Drive Strategic Objectives(a) financial* Attain a set minimum balance sheet size of it with respect to Asset size and profitable by the year 2013. This is referred to as 5-in-5 taking it from 2008 to 2013. * Achieve Industry happen 5 position in rate of return on Equity * Achieve Industry Top 5 ration of income to cost(b) Customer* Build a sterling(prenominal) customer service environment within Unity Bank (c) engineering* Significantly improve Technology leverage within the Bank (d) gay Capital* Build a winning huma n capacity and Spirit.(e) sell Focus* Build the nations number 1 retail Bank.2.1.2INTRODUCTION TO electronic BANKING SYSTEMElectronic banking system is a conventional banking system which stated in Nigeria in 1952 (Benjamin 2001). Since then the industry has witnessed a lot of regulatory and institutional makes. The industry was being controlled by at most five out the 89 banks in existence before the startle of the merger and acquisition of banks in Nigeria economy. Multiple branch systems is also one of the notable features of Nigerian Banks, with a total of 89 banks accounting for near 3017 bank branched nationwide as at 2004. As well the industry was faced with heavy challenges including the overbearing impact of faker and corruption. corroding in public confidence a poor capital base persistent cases of distress and failure poorasset fiber and so on. Part of the move to resolve these lingering problems including the banking reform initiated by the fundamental Bank of N igeria in June 2004, which is largely targeted at reducing the number of Banks in the economy and making the emerging banks stronger and reliable. So far the banking reform has been a success story with 25 mega banks emerging after the recapitalization exercise which end on 31st December, 2005 in the bid to catch up with global development and improve the quality of their service delivery. Nigeria banks have no suspect invested much o technology and have widely adopted electronic and telecommunication network for delivery a wide range of value added product and service, they have in the last few age translation from manual to automated system. Unlike before when ledger card were used, today banking has been connected to information technology networks thereby facilitating the practice of inter banking and inter Branch banking transactions. Development domestically has the admission of mobile telephone in 2001 and improved access to personal computer and internet service faci lities have also added to the growth of electronic banking in the Nigerian banking sector, However where as local banks most comm whole practice real time on line internet banking, the integration of customers into the process is far from been realized. Many of the reason are attributed to the high prevalence of internet fraud and lack of an comely regulatory physical bodywork to protect the banks from the volatility of risk associated with internet banking especially at the take aims of communication and transactions. In the main Nigeria is globally regarded as the main office of Advance Fee Fraud which is perpetrate mostly via the internet (Journal of foreign af honorables Vol. 51, 209 301.2.2 THE VIEW ON ELECTRONIC BANKINGThe vast majority of the recent lit on electronic money and banking suffers from a narrow-minded focus. It generally ignores electronic banking entirely and equates electronic money with the interchange of currency through electronic gadget Such as smar t cards and virtual(prenominal)(prenominal) currency. For example Freedman (2000) proposes the electronic banking and electronic money consist of lead device access devices stored value cards and network money. Electronic banking is precisely the use of new access device and is therefore ignored. Electronic money then is the sum of stored value (smart)cards and network money (value stored on computer hard disks). What is most enthralling and 23 revealing about this apparently popular view is that electronic banking and electronic money are no longer functions or processes but devicesWithin this rather narrow scope for electronic money there are nonetheless many a(prenominal) some other(prenominal) research that address one or more of the challenges facing it Santomero and seater (1996) write (1991) and sliy and Tarkka (2002) and many others present models that identify conditions under which alternate electronic payment substitute for currency to emerge and flourish on a lar ge scale depending on the characteristics of the various technologies as well as the characteristics of the potential userBerentsen (1998) considers the impact that the substitution of smart cards for currency will have o pecuniary policy arriving that although electronic substitutes for currency substitution will leave the demand for telephone exchange Bank reserves largely intact exhaustively haft (2000) discuss how monetary control would in an economy in which commutation Bank currency has been partially or completely replaced by electronic substitutes.Conan (2001) distinguishes in the midst of monetary control and monetary anatomy where monetary control is the ability of the of the Central Bank to deviate output and price, Cohen that the introduction of electronic currency substitutes will not reduce monetary autonomy other hand Kobrin (1997) arques that electronic currency substitutes are 24 part of a general process of technological mount and globalization that are rende ring national authorities of all kinds important and obsolete.Lee and long Akindemowo (1999) present the standard goodification for legislation of financial markets systemic risk and consumer protection they argued that both will justify regulation of electronic currency substitutes they noted that European regulators have already delineate stored value cards as the taking of a deposit so that only banks may issue them, several other authors particularly Central Banks such as freedman (2000) have argued that the state can always use its power to regulate electronic money providers ifthey prove to be determined to monetary policy or finance stability. Helleiner (1998) makes the case that such coercive power will still be effective in a world of electronic banking. Tanaka (1996) on the other hand, proposes the establishment of a monetary authority in cyberspace that will control electronic currency substitutes.Friedman (1991) point out that electronic banking presents the possibil ity that an entire choice payment system not under the control of the Central Bank of Nigeria may a rotate, in an extreme variant of freedman King (1991) argues that today computers make it at least possible to bypass the payment system altogether instead using direct bilateral clearing and closing the responses to Friedman. Woodford (2000) argue that the central bank will either continue to provide the payment system of choice or will find alternative ways to conduct monetary policy through stabilization of abruptly term interest rates regardless of what form of money is being used.Although this abet set of research introduces some searing issue, it is too unclear about what exactly is meant by electronic money and banking. Part of the vagueness stems from the focus of these papers on the payment system rather than on the payment media. Nonetheless a complete view of electronic money and banking should include both the payment system and the media used in the system. The feasi bility of an alternative payment after all is intimately tied to the feasibility and desirability of the media flowing through that system.2.3ELECTRONIC BANKING AND THE COMMON BANKING PRODUCTSThe use of information technology in banking operations is called electronic banking Ovia (2001) argue that electronic banking is a product of e commerce I the field of banking and financial service. i what can be described as business to consumer (B2C) domain for balance enquiry request for cheque books, recording stop payment instructions, balance transfer instruction, accounts break and other forms of traditional banking service, Banks are also offering payment services on behalf of the customer who shop in different e- shop.2.3.1TELEPH 1S AND PC BANKING PRODUCTSThis is a facility that enables customer, via telephones calls, find out about their position with their bankers merely dialing the telephone numbers given to them by the banks in addition the computer on the phone would require special codes given to the customer as a means of identification of authentic users before they can receive any information they requested for. This is a service introduces into the banking balance as a result of computer telephone technology being made available Ovia(2001) the technology baking has a universe of possible application limited only by the imagination, these areas include Account balance enquiry Account statement printing intra Banks Account to Account Transfer inter Banks Account to Account Transfer Download Account Transaction etc Telephone and Pc banking brings the bank to the doorstep of the customer, it does not require the customers to have his premises interaction voice response compels a regular feature of operations textual matter to speech aptitude becomes reality A uniformed messaging capability become permanent feature of the bank.2.3.2THE CARD SYSTEMThe card system is a unique electronic payment type. The smart card are plastic devices with embedd ed integrated circuit being used for resolving power of financial obligations. The power of card lies in their sophistication and acceptability to store and manipulate data, and handless multiple application on one card security (Amedu 2005) Depending on the sophistication, it card and ATMs ( Automatic Teller Machine) While the electronic card is gaining popularity in USA and Nigeria, the Spanish financial institution exhibit the highest implementation and update of smart card accords Europe (Amedu 2005) The smart cards was introduce into the Nigeria market to reduce or eliminate problems of carrying cash about (Amedu, 2005) it is electronically In addition it also contains security programs these protect transactions surrounded by one card user and the other, it between one card user and the other, it can also be transferred directly to a retailer, merchandiser or other outlet to pay for goods and services and like cash, transaction between individuals without the need for bank s of the other one-third parties, Also the system does not require central clearing. Itis valued immediately. Also the system allows transfer of one value to the other hence it operates like cash.2.3.3THE AUTOMATED TELLER instrument (ATM)Worldwide the use of paper cash still remains the most widely used and acceptable means of setting financial transaction in increasingly on the decline especially in advance economics (Amedu 2005). In USA where the use of cash is still cock-a-hoop compared with European countries it represents 50 percent or more of the total transactions. Of course, cash is a non electronic payment method. However the physical carriage of cash as well as the visit to the bank branches is being reduced by the introduction of an electronic device ATM.An ATM device allows a bank customer to withdraw cash from his account via a cash dispenser (Machine) and the account is debited immediately. A fundamental advantage is that it needs not to be located within the banki ng premises. It is usually in stores, shopping malls, fuel Satiations etc2.3.4CHEQUEA cheque is a paper establish payment instrument whose use of goods and services are still gaining ascendancy the Automation focus on this instrument is to reduce the number of clearing days and improve on security arrangement in the course of settlement and collection. For examples in Nigeria the Central Bank of Nigeria CBN has just embarked upon online clearing and Nigeria has signified interest and signed path to this project ( thaumaturgyson 2005)2.4THE ENTRY OF NIGERIAN BANKS INTO ELECTRONIC BAKING.Electronic banking both as a medium of delivery of banking service and as a strategic mechanism for business development has gained wide acceptance internationally and more banks entering the fray. Nigeria can be said to be the threshold of a major banking revolution with net banking having already been unveiled (Ovia 2001) of all the sectors in the Nigeria economy, Banking stands out despite a not too good economy Electronic banking provide the facility of accessing customer account from anywhere in the world by using home computer with internet connection, is particularly fascinating worthindividuals having multiple bank account the growth potential is therefore, immense. win incentives provide by banks would dissuade customers from visiting physical braches, and thus get hooked to the convenience of armchair banking at present the situation does not bet to have chargen any significant improvement where as about 90 percent of the banks in the country offer other forms of electronic banking service like telephone banking ATM and electronic fund transfer, internet banking is as yet to take center stage. This aspect of baking is still at the basic informative stage (Ovia, 2001) this is so despite the widely acclaimed benefits of internet banking against the traditional branched banking practice part of the reason indentified for the inability of banks in Nigeria to take fu ll advantage of this mode of banking includes lack of adequate operations pedestal like telecommunications and power upon which electronic banking generally relies, Development process, internet banking can be said to have less I the existing banking mental synthesis in the country Earlier articulate reason why internet Banking was having a moderate economic impact in the country including that Nigerian Banks customers are not on the average trained on for storyteller jobs and the working of internet banking a situation which makes transaction processing via internet banking prone to error the absence of a clearly defined frame work for internet banking, leaving banks with inadequate profound cover to provide the service and poor telecommunication bag all over the country. In addition the fact that internet assuage in the country has been ill-treat by cyber criminals makes its window unattractive for domestic banking operations and legitimate international operations. The in herent banking service in Nigeria is against re enforced by the suppuration evidence that the world over, dubook Nigerians use fake website to scoop fund from unsuspecting victims. In some cases, these shames are committed using existing banks sites.2.5.1THREAT OF CYBER CRIMES ON THE NIGERIAN BANKING SITES.The Advantage fee fraud or 419, which is one of the popular of all interest frauds Has of its origin from Nigeria in the 1980s it development and pervade follows the path of the development in technology at inception, postal earn were used as key media for committing 419 frauds. Later in the early mid-nineties it became integrated into telecommunication facility such as thetelephone and telecommunicate from the late 1990s following the introduction of computers and internet 419 crimes became prevalently perpetrated through the use of e-mail and other internet means (Amedu 2005) the latest dimension taken by the perpetration of this crime is the use of fake internet bank s ite and using that to encourage victims to open account with them. The country is the third high est ranked in internet money offer fraud As was scoreed in one of the national newspaper frauds and forgeries in Nigeria bank as at June 2005 Stood at 329 or N1.15 billion monetary combining weight against 222 cases or N1.47 billion monetary equivalent in April aforementioned(prenominal) year, There is even global suspicion that a Nigerian crime Syndicate that Coordinate global crimes such as money clean bank fraud and 419 searms exist today. These issues basically defeat he key ingredients of electronic banking which include confidentially integrity and availability.Several factors are amenable for the in a higher place situation. They include inordinate tolerance for corruption among Nigeria public and establishment agencies weakness of the existing legislative judicial institution to makes and enforce applicable laws on cyber crimes quality of graduates I terms of professional value and morals chronic unemployment among graduates and the widening gap between the few rich and the many poor caused mainly by bad government. In the main, erosion of good value principles and corruption constitute the greatest cause of using cyber-crimes among Nigeria (Domestic electronic payment in Nigeria) (Amedu, 2005) this according to transparency international is worsened by fact that sever generation of Nigerians have been raised in this norm, thusly what is seen as a dangerous global crime is socially acclaimed and glamorized in Nigeria. The above situation constitutes the environment upon which electronic banking has emerged in Nigeria although the train of the adoption and practice of electronic baking (especially internet banking) has remained quite insignificant global projections still remains that information technology would continue to pay a revolutionary role in the development and delivery of banking products and services all over the world. In effect it is this projection that has raised pertinent regulatory questions concerning electronic banking like Nigeria. One key issue here borders on how to handle the rising direct of frauds and forgery prevalent I the entire banking system and how to makeinternet banking system and how to make internet banking fit well in the banking structure of a country so notoriously identifiable with criminals use internet access.2.5.2THE REGULATORY CHALLENGESAt the national level the Nigeria government and the relevant regulatory agencies have strived to match the rapidly changing electronic banking environment with necessary regulations and frame works (Soludo, 2005) earlier motility made to this effect including the enactment of the failed Bnaks (Recovery of Debts) and malpractices in Bank Decree NO. 18 of 1994 and the money laundry of 1995. However as noted above poor enforcement subprogram rendered these instrument very inactive in checking the menace of financial crimes. By the late 1990s follo wing record growth internet and computer usage in the regulations girding the banking industry including the banks and other institution Act of 1991 were lacking adequate provisions to accommodate the emerging trend. not even a mention of electronic banking or any manner of its application was mentioned in any of these prevailing regulation documents the situation created a lot of gaps between the levels 32 of CBN regulatory nibs and the same time made the bank venerable to all kind of risk (Soludo 2005) This deficiency notwithstanding, it is not until 2003 when the maiden guidelines on electronic banking guidelines emerged from the finding of a Technical direction on electronic banking set up by the Central Bank of Nigeria in 2003 to find remove modalities for the operation of the committee that electronic banking in August 2003 of the key provision of the guidelines only a sectionalisation deals with issues of the guidelines only a section deals with issues relating to interne t Banking section paragraph 4 of the guidelines exception any stresses that banks should put in place procedures for maintain the banks web site including the various security features needed for internet banking service (CBN 2003) Despite its numerous technical specifications he guidelines have been widely criticized as not being enough to check the growing popularity of electronic banking against the back drop of growing sophistication in technology related crimes and frauds. Closer examination of the substance of the guidelines equally shows that the document fails to meet up with the four keys areas where electronic banking may have regulatory impact changingthe traditional lines upon which existing regulatory structure are laid handing concerns about existing public policy issues changing the natural and scope of existing risks and rebalancing regulatory rules and industry savvy Again some important recommendation of the Technical committee that gave rise to the adoption of the guidelines was paragraph 6.1 of the committee reports which among others recommended that all banks intending to offer transaction service o the internet other e-banking product should obtain an approval in principle from CBN prior to commencing these service.Part of the criticism is that the recent guidelines are opened of constraining the practice and development of Electronic Banking Nigeria. One of such for instance is the requirement on electronic banking product development while acknowledgement that the existing regulations would apply wholly on emphasized that only banks section 4.2 of the guidelines emphasized that only banks which are licensed supervised and with physical presence in Nigeria are permitted to offer electronic banking service in Nigeria and that virtual banks are not to be allowed the guidelines also gives indication that the products services can only be offered to residents of Nigeria with a verifiable address with the geography leaping of Nigeria any person resident permit or other legal residency designation under the Nigeria immigrations any person know were in as a classified person who neither is temporarily in Nigeria. The guidelines go foster to indicate that the e-banking service should be offered in Naira only and that where such a service is to be provided in foreign currency it should be to only the holders of ordinary domiciliary account and conform with all foreign exchange regulation on some other aspects, the guidelines have been criticized by unity bank executive and customers for not addressing adequately the critical issues concerning internet security it failed to explicitly recommend a standard that allows banks to examine in each individual financial institutions current network. In addition to this array of criticisms the workability of proper internet framework is also queried amidst the poor state of basic information technological infrastructure in the country. This is essentially necessary since ele ctronic Banking generally relies on the existence of adequate operational infrastructure like telecommunication and power to function effective through littlesuccess has been recorded the supply of these requisite facilities is very erratic in the Nigeria case. Were they exist high cost of acquisition and maintenance tend to track a greater division of the population access to them the case of internet access is a glaring one where majority of the citizen rely solely on the services of commercial cyber cafes to the E- Banking Guidelines to provide procedures not only for banks investment in internet facilities but also in promoting customers access to such. underprivileged none of such is contained in the document.Prior to the merger, each of the four banks kept up(p) a unique brand discernable areas of coverage an easily identify breaker point of strength and competencies in various areas of the banking service and a fair share of the market.Technology is undoubtedly a very im portant tool of every banks competitive strategy. It had drawn the line between success and failure. The deployment of Banks, web enable new generation enterprise banking solution has enable haleness BANK to offer its customers banking service at their door step. The bank runs on a completely centralized system with BANKS (Version 6.2) as the main Banking Application the Banks innovation technology driven product are product are central and they have pioneers in the area of e-banking in Nigeria.2.5.3ELECTRONIC BANKING PROFITABILITY AND dexterityCommercial banks assaulted by the pressure of globalization competition from non-banking news ways to add value to the service the question what drives performance? Is at the top in understanding superior performance and hence striving for it veridical research effort have gone into addressing this questions starting from the strategic level and going down to operational details. A key study patio marking the strategies of leading retail banks and (vander Velde 1992) This study is based on the opinions of head of retails banks at all us commercial banks established the linkage between marking operations organizing excellence this finding lead to the formulation of the service management strategy encapsulated in the trail operational capabilities service quality performance capability servicequality performance (-SQ-P) (foth and Iackson 1995) the C-SQ-P trail is in turn a focused view of the service profit reach described by (heskettet all 1994) based on their analysis of self-made service organizations.2.5.4BANK CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPBank customer relationship is just a special contract were a person entries valuable items with another person with an intention that such items shall be retrieved on demand from the custodian by the person who is entrusted with above mentioned valuable items shall be retrieved on demand from the keeper by the person who so entrust thus the banker is the one who is entrusted with above mentioned valuable items while the person who entrust the items a view to retrieving it on demand is called the proxy. The banker too is under obligation to pay so long the proxy is dully authorized by the customers. The relationship is also fiducially. The terms and condition governing the relationship should not be leaked to a third party particularly by the bankers, Also items kept should not be released to a third party without due authorization by the customer.2.6OPERATIONAL OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONFinancial institution provide service as intermediaries of the capital and debt markets, they are responsible for transferring funds from investor to companies in need of those funds financial institutions facilitate the flow of money through the economy to do so, saving are pooled to mitigate develop revenue. Should the yield curve become inverse film in this arena will offer supererogatory fee generating services including securities underwriting and prime procreate.CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.1INTRODUCTIONThis chapter describes the techniques and procedure used by the research in conditioning the study and accumulating the data for the population of thestudy througth sampling techniques Sample size source of data method collection and method of data analysis and testing scheme3.2POPULATION OF STUDYThe population to be used in this study covers all the 40credit officers of Unity Banks plc The population selected was designed to obtain adequate and diverse views pertaining to the level and impact of electronic banking in Unity bank.3.3SAMPLING TECHNIQUESThe technique is used to realize that all the segment of the population is included in the study3.4SAMPLING sizeThe sampling size to be used by the researchers in this study constitute (40) Unity Bank Officers3.5SOURCES OF DATAThe researcher uses both the master(a) and secondary data in the study. The primary data are stack away by the researcher through the use of questionnaire while the secondar y data are data collected from CBN electronic banking guideline annual report of Unity Banks Plc and CBN annual report e.t.c3.6METHOD OF DATA ANALYSISThe study used both descriptive and inferential statistics in analyzing the data Also mere(a) frequency counts in percentage and the chi-square were used in the data analysis.3.6.1TEST OF HYPOTHESES AND proofThe Chi-square test was employed by the researcher to test the significance of the responses from the credit officers of Unity Bank plc (respondent) The Chi even up test is performed by be the numbers of case fully in each family. The formula for the Chi- straightforward is0O-e2eO = descend of observed case in stratumE = Number of expected cases in categoryK = Number of category Summation Runs from 1 =1 to 1 k3.6.2DECISION convention AND NOTIFICATIONA set of decision rule is the verbal equivalent of a graphical decisions tree, which specifies class membership based on a hierarchical sequence of (Contingent) decisions. Eac h rule in a the form of a Horn clause where in class membership is implied by a conjunction of contingent observations.CHAPTER FOURDATA ANALYSIS AND treatment FINDINGS4.1A total of 40 questionnaires were distributed to the various credit officers of the unity bank plc in Lagos state after the questionnaires were filled by the respondents and collected back they were screened a sorted out by the researcher the detail of of the returned questionnaires shows that out of 40 sent out,only 35 were completed. Hence 87.5% of the respondent returned their questionnaires. 4.2PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA4.2.1QUALIFICATION OF responsiveThe researcher was able to meet with the respondent to know their level of qualification, the able downstairs shows their different qualification and their response.mesa 4.1 Qualification of Respondent s resource responder PERCENTAGEOND 5 14 3HND 9 25 7BSC 14 40M.SC / MBA 7 20PHD 00 summarise 35 light speed root systems field survey, 2013 40 board 4.1 shows the number of respondents by qualifications. The data collected indicated that 14 or 40% of respondents are B.sc Holder, 9 or 25.7% are HND holders, while 7 or 20% are master holders and non among have PHD. Therefore it could be inferred that majority of the credit are B.sc Holders 4.2.2WORKING EXPERIENCEThe research was able to meet with different respondent to know their days experience with unity bank plc. send back 4.2 years of sustain with unity bank plc. substitute(a) RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE1-5 years 8 22.96-10 years 10 28.611-15 years 9 25.716-20 years 6 17.121 years and above 2 57TOTAL 35 atomic number 6Sources field survey 2013 remand 4.2 shows how long the respondents have been working with bank form the data collected it could be seen that 12 or 40% of respondents have spent between 1-5 years working with the bank, while 16-20 years and 2 or 25.7% between 11-15 years 6 or 17.1% between 16-20 years and 2 or 5.7% for more than 21 years. In view of this fact it could be deducted from the analyzed data in table 2 that 77.1% of the respondent have spent appreciable period of 5 years and above working in the bank.4.2.3CADRE OF RESPODENTSALTERNATIVE RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE immature credit officer 14-40Senior credit officer 21-60Total 35- speed of lightSources field survey, 2013Table 4.3 shows that 21 or 61% of respondent are elderly credit officers with the bank while 14 or 40% are junior credit officers. Therefore the bank senior credit officers are more than the junior ones4.2.4PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONThe respondents were asked about their professional qualifications and their responses were presented belowTable 4.4 professional QualificationALTERNATIVE RESPONDENT PERCENTAGEAssociated chartered restrainer (ACA) 16 45.7Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria (CIBN) 15 42.9Certified Auditor 2 5.7Certified information establishment 2 5.7Total 35 100Sources field survey, 2013 42Table 4.4 shows that 16 or 45.7% respondent are members of Chartered Accountant on 7% Nigeria, 15 or 42.9% of the respondent are professional bankers and 2 both 2 or 5.57% are for certified auditor and certified information system respectively. Therefore most workers in the bank are professional and such one would expect quality services and information from them4.2.4DEPARTMENT OF RESPONDENTSThe respondent were asked of their discussion section are from different department and their responses were presented below. Table 4.5 Department of RespondentALTERNATIVE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE human beings Resource 3 8 6Cleaning and Cash Management 13 37.1 bank line Development 25.7Information Technology 12.9Credit and do 16 45.7Total 35 100Source Field gaze, 2010Table 4.5 indicate that 3 or 8.6 of the respondents are the human resources department 13 or 37% Clearing and cash management 2 or 5.7 to business development while 1 or 2.7% of the respondents are information. Technology department and 16 or 45.7% of the remaining are in credit and market Therefo re, it could be deduced from the data analyzed above that credit and marketing department has the higher number of staff as such the bank will always strive to gainthe larger share of market share.4.2.6THREAT TO ELECTRONIC BANKSThe respondents were asked of the panic involves in electronic banking and their responses were presented below.Table 4,6 Threat to Electronic BankingALTERNATIVE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGEAdequate Security 00Legal threat 00ATM set in motion 00Poor communication link 00All of the above 35 0Total 35 100Source Field watch, 2010Table 4.6 show that all respondents i.e 35 or 100% of the respondents were of the agree opinion that the bank place more emphasis in all the electronic banking threat to determine its effectiveness. 4.2.7THREAT ASSESSMENTThe respondents were asked about their assessment of threat involved in electronic banking and their responses were presented below Table 4.7 threat AssessmentALTERNATIVE RESPONDENT PERCENTAGETo a high extent 0 0To a modera te extent 27 77.1To a lower extent 6 17.1 44No respond 25.7Total 35 100Source Field Survey, 2010On the assessment of the Unity Bank Electronic Banking System, 27 or 77.1% of the respondent were 6 or 17.1 low and 2 or 5.7% sow no respond and more respondent with opined of high. Therefore based in the Data collected, it shows that the bank has low incidence of threat in electronic Banking System.4.2.8RESPONDENT ASSESSMENT OF UNITY BANKS ELECTRONIC BANKING SYSTEM The respondents were asked of the assessment of Unity Bank plc Electronic Unity Bank and their responses were presented below Table 4.8 Unity Bank Electronic SystemALTERNATIVE RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE sensitive 5 14.3Very Good 27 77.1Good 3 8.6 jolly 00Poor 00Total 35 100Source field Survey, 2010Table 4.8 shows the assessment of electronic banking system of Unity Bank 27 or 77.15 of the respondents have the opinion that they are very good while 5 or 14.3% excellent and 3 or 8.6 considered it as a good and none of the respondent o pined that it is either fair or poor. 4.2.9INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY didactics PROGRAMthe researcher was able to ascertain the level of information technology training program in Unity Bank plc and the responses are shown belowtable 4.9 IT programALTERNATIVE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGEpowerfully agreed 5 14.3 hold 26 74.2Undecided 3 8.6Disagree 1 2.9 potently Disagree 00Total 35 100Source Field Survey 2010On the assessment of training development program for Unity Bank Offecers the table 9 show that 26 or 74.2% of the respondents were of the agree opinion, 5 or 14.3% potently agree 3 or 8.6% undecided and 1 or 2.9% protest and none respondent opened on strongly discord therefore the bank have information training development programs respondent were of the agree opinion. 4.2.10LEVEL OF ELECTRONIC BANKINGThe respondent were asked about the level of electronic banking and response is shown in table 4.10 Table 4.10 level of electronic bankingALTERNATIVE RESPONDENT PERCENTAGEStrongly agreed 11 31.4 46 keepd 22 62.9Undecided 00Strongly disagree 00Total 35 100Source Field Survey 2010Table 4.10 shows that 22 or 62.9% of respondent were of the agree opinion that electronic banking system has make banking transaction more easier, 11 or 31 45% strongly agree while 2 or 5.7% were undecided and none of the respondent is either of the disagree or strongly disagree opinion. From the data, it indicates that the banking transaction has been made easier with the introduction of electronic banking.4.2.11IMPROVEMENT OF CUSTOMERS SATISFACTIONThe respondent were asked about the level of satisfaction derived from electronic banking and their response is show in table 4.11 below Table 4.11 customers satisfaction improvementALTERNATIVE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGEStrongly agreed 13 37.1Agreed 21 60Undecided 12.9Disagree 00Strongly disagree 00Total 35 100Source Field survey, 2010 47Table 4.11 shows that 21 or 60% of the respondent were of the agree opinion that electronic banking have improve c ustomers satisfaction 13 or 37.1% strongly agree while 10 or 2.9% undecided and non respondent disagree, therefore, agree opinion having higher percentage shows that electronic banking has really shows that electronic banking has really improved customers satisfaction.4.3TEST OF HYPOTHESIS4.3.1HYPOTHESIS ONEElectronic Banking does not have prospect of electronic bank in Unity Bank Nig, Plc Table 4.12 Chi- Square table on the prospect of electronic banking in Unity Bank Respondents view O Ei (O E) Strongly agree 1578649.14Agree 167981 11.57Undecided 27-525 3.57Disagree 17-636 5.14Strongly disagree 17-636 5.14Total 353550242 34.56Source Computer from Data 2010Therefore Z2(Chi-Square) protect estimator is 34.56 the degree of exemption K-L, 5-1 = 4 from the Chi-Square rule Table x 224 0.05 = 9.4877Therefore x2 reckon = 34.5,6X2Tabulated = 9.4877 48Decision rule Since x2 cypher is greater than x2Tabulated (34.56779.4877) at 5% confidence level and 4 degree of freedom the first nul hy pothesis which sate that electronic Banking enhanced Unity Bank efficiency is accepted. 4.3.2HYPOTHESIS TWOElectronic banking does not have impact on the boilers suit performance of the bank Table 4.13 Chi-Square table o the overall performance of the Bank Respondent view O Ei Oi-Ei (Oi-Ei) Strongly agree 13 7 6 365.14 Agree 167981 11.57Undecided 27-5 25 3,57Disagree 27-5 25 3.57Strongly Disagree 17-6 36 5.14Total 35 35 0 171 28.99Source Computer from Data 2010Therefore Z2(Chi-Square) value calculated is 28.99The Degree of freedom K 1,5- 1= 4victimization the statistical table to find the value of Z24 0.05 the result is = 9.4877Therefore x2Calculator = 28.99X2tabulation = 9.4877Decision rule Since x2Calculated is greater than x2Tabulation (28.9979.4877) at 5% confidence level and 4 degree of freedom the second null hypothesis is rejected and 49 the alternative hypothesis which start that Unity Bank Plc Electronic banking have impact on the overall performance of the banks is acce pted.4.3.3HYPOTHESIS THEETable 4.14 Chi Square table on the fortune of Unity BankRespondent view Oi Ei Oi Ei ( Oi Ei)Strongly Agree 17 7 10 100 14.28Agree 13 7 6 36 5.14Undecided 37 4 162.28Disagree 2 7 5 25 3.57Strongly Disagree 07 -7 49 7Total 35 35 0 226 32.24Source Computed from Data 2019(Chi Square) Value Calculated is 32 .27 the degree of freedom K-1, 5-1 = 4 Using the statistical table to find the value of Z24 0.05 the result is = 9.4877Dose not comply with the CBN electronic Banking GuidelineTable 4.16 Chi Square Table o the CBN Electronic Banking Guidelines Respondents view Oi Ei Oi Ei ( Oi Ei)Strongly Agree 19 7 12 144 20.57Agree 14 77 49 7Undecided 07 7 49 5.14Strongly computed from Data 2010Therefore Z2(Chi Square ) value calculated is 44.85 the degree of freedom k-1, 5-1 = 4 Using the statistical table to find the value Z2 4 0.05 the result is = 9.4877 Therefore x2Calculated = 44.85X2Tabulation = 9.4877 52Decision rule = since X2Calculator is greater than X2Ta bulated (44.857 9.4877) at 5% confidence level and 4 degree of freedom the second null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis which started that Unity Bank Electronic Banking Guidelines comply with CBN electronic banking Guideline is accepted. 4.3.5DISCUSSION OF FINDINGSFrom the above analysis it is seen that in hypothesis one, you can see that respondents agreed that electronic banking does not have prospect in Unity Bank In hypothesis we can also see that respondent agreed that electronic banking does not enhance the fortune of Unity Bank Hypothesis four shows that respondents strongly agreed that the Unity Bank Electronic Banking does not improve its bank customer relationship hypothesis Five shows that respondents strongly agree that Unity Bank electronic comply with the CNB Electronic Banking Guideline.CHAPTER FIVESUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 thickThe study was carried out in order to assess the impact of electronic banking system in Unity Bank. The general introduction aspect tone more light on the essential of electronic banking. Many literature and academic publication from different authors in publication from different authors in electronic banking product emerging issues in electronic. In the cause of this research the research was able to find out that origin of electronic banking system which started in Nigeria in 1952 Also the prospect of electronic banking was looked into critically electronic banking improve the fortune of Unity Banks this was achieved by adopting the CBN banking guidelines5.2CONCLUSIONBased I the summary of the major finding the following conclusions are draw 1. The adoption of electronic banking has enhanced Unity Bank efficient by making it more productive and effectives 2. Electronic Banking also has a strong impact on the overall banking performance by making workers performance more effective and efficiency. 3. The adoption of electronic banking gas enhanced the fortune of the bank this is ac hieved through bank charges cheque withdrawal slip and withdrawal charges. 4. The electronic banking has improved the bank customer relationship by rendering effective service throughout the week customers can now have access to their account outside working hours to make withdrawal to attend to their needs. 5. The electronic banking guidelines introduces by CBN strongly helps in effective electronic banking system. Withdrawal can be made anywhere at any time and using any bank ATM machine customer cannot withdraw more than some certain amount to allowed other customers have access to the cash and money can be transfer from one place to another through electronic means. In general conclusion the electronic banking has made banking transaction to be easier by bringing service closer to the customers5.3RECOMMENDATIONSIn order to give the growing trends of information and communicationtechnology (ICT) which involves net banking and e-commerce in banks a vision in the right directions, the following strategies are recommended for further following up 1. The banks must be focused in teams of their needs and using the right technology to achieve goals rather than accruing technology of internet banking because other banks have it 2. Government participation in ensuring focused telecommunication industry must be visible to reduce or reassign avoidable costs of implementing e-commerce and internet banking 3. Regulatory authorities like CBN (Central Bank of Nigeria) must stipulate standard for the banks to follow to avoid making Nigeria Banking heavens a dumping ground for the outdated technological infrastructure.REFERENCESAmedu, U.M (2005) Domestic electronic payment in Nigeria The challenges, Central Bank of Nigeria Bullion Vol, 29 No1, January/March.Bank for international settlements (2001) committee on payment and settlement system Survey of electronic money development prepared by the committee on payment and settlement system of the Central Banks of the Group of Ten Countries November.Beerentsen, A. (1998) monetary policy implication of Digital Money Kyklos Vol. SI. PP 89 117Berry M.J.A Linoff, G.S (1999) get the hang Data mining the Art and science of customers relationship managing, New York John Wily & Sons. PP. 57 61 Central Bank of Nigeria (2003) report of the technical Committee on electronic Banking , FebruaryCohen, Benjamin J. (2001) Electronic Money New Day or False Dawn? Review of international polical economy Vol. 8. PP 197-225 Connel F. and Salen M.N (2004) Six puzzles in electronic Money and Banking IMF working paper IMF institute. Vol. 19. February. Davenport T.H (1993) process innovation Reengineering work through information technology Boston Harvard Business School press pp. 30 35. Financial standard Newspaper (2006) Vol 7 No. 28 April, pp3. Freedom C. (2000) monetary policy implementation past, present, and in store(predicate) will Electronic Money Lead to the Eventual Demise of CentralBanking? International Financ e Vol. 3, No. pp. 211 27 Friedman B. (1999). The future of Monetary policy The Central Bank as an Army with Only a token Corps? International Financial, Vol. 2. No. 3 pp. 321 38. Goodhart Charles A.E (2000) can Central Bank Survive the IT Revolution? International Finance Vol. 3, No. 2 pp. 189 209 Hackathorn. R (2003) Factor for Implementing Active Data warehousing datawarehouse. Com. Halleiner. E (1998) Electronic Money A Challenge to the Sovereign state? Journal of international Affairs, Vol. 51, 387 400. Heilinger. M. Bingerhut. S. (2002) Business Activity Monitoring EAI meets Data Warehousing EAI Journal. July, pp 18 21. King M. (1999) Challenges for monetary policyNew and Old Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin November pp 307 415 Koutsoyiannis A. (1991) opening of Econometric Hampshire Macmillan Limited. Lee B. and Longe Akindemowo O. (1999) Regulatory issues in Electronic Money A Legel Economics Analysis, Netnomics, Vol. 1, pp 53 70.APPENDIXDepartment of Banking an d finance,Osun State Polytechnic Iree Osun State, Nigeria may 14, 2013Dear Respondent,I am an HND student in the above realize Department and institution presently conducting a research on The push of Electronic Banking in Nigeria Banking System (Critical Appraisal of Unity Bank Plc) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of HND. The finding are rigorously to be used for academic purpose only. Thank you sparing your time to participate in the studyN.BPlease tick in the appropriate box provided to indicate your answers. 1. What is your academic qualification?OND HND B.sc M.sc/MBA PHD 2. How long have your been in the service of Unity Bank Plc? 1-5 years 6-10 years 11-15 years 16-20 years 21 years above 3. Which category of cadre do you locomote?Junior Credit Officer Senior Credit Officer 4. Which of these department do you have?ACA CIBN Certified Auditor Certified Information System 5. Which of these department do you belong to?HR Clearing Cash managing director Business Development Information Technology Credit and Marketing 6. Which category of threat does Unity Bank places more impression? Adequate security Legal Threat ATM fraud risk poor 7. How can you assess the incidence threat of Unity Bank electronic bank system? High Low Moderate 8. How can you assess the overall performances of Unity Bank electronic Banking? System Excellent Very Good Fair Poor 9. Unity Bank Plc has training program on information technology for its staff.10. Introduction of electronic banking has eased banking transaction11. The introduction of electronic banking has improved customer satisfaction.12. Electronic banking hence its effectiveness and efficiency Unity Bank.13. Unity Bank Plc electronic banking have impact of its overall performance of the bank14. Adoption of electronic banking would enhance the fortune of the bank.15. Unity Bank electronic banking improves its bank customers relationship.16 . The bank electronic banking guidelines comply with CBN electronic banking guidelines.

Life of Pi Analysis Essay

Having just experienced the sinking of his familys ship, and cosmos put onto a life boat with only a hyena, Pi felt completely lost and alone. Then he met a known face from his familys zoo, Pi saw the Bengal Tiger named Richard Parker onboard. His first reaction was to save the life of Richard Parker so that he whitethorn have a companion, and a protector aboard the lifeboat. Suddenly Pi realizes just what he is doing. He is saving the life of Richard Parker, by welcoming him, a 450 cudgel Bengal tiger, onto the small lifeboat. He experiences a change of disembodied spirit when helping the tiger onto the boat. Pi realizes that he is now posing a threat on his own life. With Richard Parker on the boat, Pi is faced with not only the struggle to survive stranded in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, but the budge to survive living with a meat eating tiger.The change of heart that Pi experiences might possibly mean that he is an impulsive thinker. It may mean that he often does some thing on impulse without thinking it through, and thus later regrets his actions. Though he was having bad experiences onboard, Pi maintains his ghostly beliefs while on the life boat through his daily prayers. He takes time aside each day to say the prayers that he continuously would say. In one instance, he turns where he believes Mecca is located, and prays his traditional prayers towards Mecca. Pi excessively often states that he will include specific animals in his prayers, such(prenominal) as the zebra aboard his lifeboat, and the first fish that he ever killed. With Pi keeping his ritual prayers going, it helped him to survive. He made comparisons between that of Orange Juice, the orangutan, and the pure Mary, and would also often bring up Jesus on the cross. Truly, Pis religious faith remained strong throughout his journey on the Pacific Ocean.

Flowers

Beauty of a Flower We force out complain because rose bushes stupefy thorns, or rejoice because thorn bushes cause roses. Abraham Lincoln Most important living organism other than valet existences argon animals and plants. Flowers and widows widows widows weeds comport a huge role in life that they tip to play. Flowers and weeds argon completely different in which they reverse to reproduce or grow to destroy. Knowingly that weeds besides reproduce. Flowers argon chi bay windowen to be a b properlyly colored and crying(prenominal) example of such a part of a plant in concert with its stalk essay writer service, typic altogethery used with others as a decoration or gift.While weeds argon not capable of bad to unity another as a gift or using them as decorations. weeds are norm tout ensembley known to be bad plants growing where they are not wanted and are in competitor with cultivated plants. weeds are ordinarily able to grow in disturbed environments in which the ir soil has already been dishonored. Reproduction and maturement of a new plant comes when the plant blossoms into the beauty of a rash. Weeds similarly require reproduction and growth, but are reproduced aggressively. Exploring the different itemors of flowers and weeds is to know the attraction to a human, come apartment, and its symbolic factor.Flowers are important than weeds because of how they are attracted to a living eye, the way that they grow, and symbols and characterificances of flowers. A flowers beauty attracts the eyes, while the scents plump towards human nasal. Being the complete opposite of weeds flowers have a unique scent and to each individual not only are humans attracted to the beauty of flowers, bees ladder to be attracted because of the scent and its pollen that is produced. Flowers attract the bees because of the beebread guides that at terms only bees and other insects can notice.But, not all flowers have an appealing scent of pollination that humans desire. Flowers usually cross-pollinate during the night usually by bats and moths because they give care the scent and usually white flowers. Bats and moths, but not all humans like the scent of these flowers neither, because they can either carry a pleasant or even resentful scent. Humans are attracted to flowers because of its color and unique devise of petals and scents. Usually, flowers are disposed(p) on special occasions or can be given as a fool of love for integrity person.Weeds usually do not attract the humans eye because they push through to damage the beauty of the flower. Weeds that grown out of control and are usually unwanted because of the fact they can spread pathogens to infect growth of plants. As flowers are being grown so are weeds in the same way, because once the seed is plant and begins to grow weeds follow the roots of the flower until they are treated. Neglecting the flowers will grow weeds to attack the flower. A weed is a random sort of call that we put to certain plants that we do not like for any reason.Most weeds do not have a sense to them because it is a pesticide that incisively grows on top of plants to destroy the beauty of the flowers blooming. Out of the two plants flowers have the beauty that humans are looking for. Flowers start off from buds to grow into a beautiful flower. Comparing flowers and weeds as they develop have another noticeable difference. To produce a flower, usually seeds are planted within the soil while watered after to blossom. As time goes by and watering of the seeds under the soil, the flowers begin to grow.The first sign of the flower you will see the leaves of the flowers growing as days pass by. at once the majority of the leaves and stems grow the flowers bud begins to blossom into the beauty of the flower it is. Not all flowers bloom within one day, because it takes time for the flower to develop into its beauty. Weeds grow for one reason only, because of the nutrients that are infallible for plants. Weeds do not normally grow in large upsurge they just grow in where the nutrients of their needs are. Weeds usually tend to steal crops moisture, sunlight, and nutrients.But, farmers claim that they only borrow the three aspects that are needed and return for future crop usage. Weeds are not given the preservation that has been given to the domestic crops from insects, disease, and other adverse growing conditions, do weeds, or wild plants, to conserve strength. Weeds hardly become damaged by insects or even any type of diseases. Mostly all flowers have different symbols and meanings. Red roses are given in sign of love, beauty, and passion. Poppies are given for commiserations of a death and irises are a symbol of giving a life back during a burial.Daises have been the significance of innocence. Most weeds do not have symbols except for the fact that they are only growing to kill existing beautiful plants. Weeds can symbolize the damage that they have against flowers and its beauty. Weeds also tend to grow in river banks, deltas, and other areas that have soil shifting. There is no significance of weeds because they are usually grown with no intentions of being given as a gift or a sign of love to a significant other. Weeds do not have the look of love that is wanted by your loved one.It does not scram the human eye either, because it usually is a messy plant that has no scent to itself either. No matter of who the person is, it all matters if the flower has the right look. There are many different types of flowers and it all depends on that one person to choose which the one that they prefer. Flowers are usually the ones that are ofttimes looked at because of its outer beauty. Most of the flowers have a beauty commode on the outside. Looking at weeds, which are hardly looked at unless they are destroying the beauty of a flower and needs removal.Nobody will ever weft weeds over flowers because flowers have a finer quality than weeds. It is pause to choose flowers over weeds because of their scent, outer beauty, and symbolic reasoning of that flower. Flowers and weeds differ because flowers give a warm loving feeling indoors when a woman has received them. Weeds give women a shatter feeling within as she watches her flowers become destroyed. What is a weed? I have heard it said that there are sixty definitions. For me, a weed is a plant out of place. Donald Culross Peattie